Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common condition that arises from an imbalance of bacteria naturally present in the vagina. Untreated BV can worsen, leading to increased discomfort and potentially serious health concerns over time.
What is Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal infection when the delicate balance of microorganisms in the vagina is disrupted. A healthy vaginal environment is dominated by “good” bacteria, lactobacilli. However, in BV, certain other bacteria overgrow, outnumbering the beneficial lactobacilli. While some individuals with BV experience no symptoms, others may notice changes. Common indications include an unusual vaginal discharge, which might be thin and appear white or gray. A distinct “fishy” odor, often more noticeable after sexual activity, is reported.
How Untreated BV Progresses
If bacterial vaginosis is left untreated, symptoms can persist and become more bothersome. The unusual vaginal discharge may continue, and the characteristic fishy odor, particularly after sex, can become stronger. Many individuals also report increased vaginal itching, irritation, or a burning sensation during urination. While some cases of BV might spontaneously resolve, this is not guaranteed, and the infection can linger or reappear. The persistent imbalance in vaginal bacteria can lead to a state of chronic discomfort.
Serious Health Complications
Untreated bacterial vaginosis can lead to serious health complications beyond persistent symptoms. One significant concern is an increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HIV. For individuals already living with HIV, BV can also heighten the risk of transmitting the virus to sexual partners.
Another potential complication is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), an infection that can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. PID can result in long-term health issues such as chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy.
For pregnant individuals, untreated BV carries risks such as preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks) and low infant birth weight (less than 5.5 pounds). There is also a small possibility of early pregnancy loss. Additionally, untreated BV can increase the risk of developing infections after gynecological procedures, including hysterectomies and abortions.
Why Seeking Treatment is Crucial
Given the potential for worsening symptoms and the development of more serious health complications, seeking prompt medical attention for bacterial vaginosis is highly advisable. Healthcare providers can diagnose BV and offer appropriate treatment options. The condition is commonly treated with antibiotics, which may be administered orally or as a topical cream or gel. Completing the entire course of prescribed medication is important to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to reduce the likelihood of recurrence.
Effective treatment not only helps alleviate the immediate discomfort associated with BV symptoms but also significantly reduces the risks of developing the aforementioned complications. By addressing the bacterial imbalance, treatment helps prevent increased susceptibility to STIs, the progression to pelvic inflammatory disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Professional medical guidance ensures proper management and supports overall reproductive health.