Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication primarily prescribed for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults. It helps manage ADHD symptoms like difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While generally effective, atomoxetine can cause side effects, including mood changes or depression. This article explores how atomoxetine works and its potential association with mood alterations.
How Atomoxetine Works
Atomoxetine functions as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by blocking the reabsorption of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter, back into brain nerve cells. This increases available norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft, the space between nerve cells.
Elevated norepinephrine levels, especially in the prefrontal cortex, enhance communication between brain cells. This improved signaling helps regulate attention, impulse control, and executive functions, which are often impaired in ADHD. Atomoxetine also indirectly increases dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, contributing to its therapeutic effects without the abuse potential of traditional stimulant medications.
Atomoxetine and Mood Changes
While not classified as an antidepressant, atomoxetine can cause mood-related side effects. These may include new or worsening depression, anxiety, irritability, or agitation. Such symptoms often appear within the first few weeks of starting the medication or after a dosage change, as the body adjusts.
The FDA prescribing information for atomoxetine, also known as Strattera, includes a boxed warning about an increased risk of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents. This warning stems from short-term studies where a small percentage reported suicidal thoughts, though no suicides occurred. These are potential side effects, and individual responses to the medication vary.
What to Do About Mood Changes
If you experience mood changes while taking atomoxetine, communicate promptly with your healthcare provider. Do not discontinue the medication abruptly without medical consultation. Stopping atomoxetine suddenly can worsen ADHD symptoms or cause mild withdrawal-like symptoms such as mood swings, irritability, or fatigue.
Monitoring your symptoms closely and keeping a record of any changes in mood or behavior can be helpful. This information assists your doctor in making informed decisions about your treatment plan. Discussing these observations openly and honestly with your prescribing doctor or healthcare provider is crucial. They might consider adjusting your dosage, exploring alternative medications, or investigating other potential causes for the mood changes.
When to Seek Professional Advice
Certain mood changes warrant immediate professional advice. These include severe mood disturbances, persistent thoughts of self-harm, or any suicidal ideation. Significant agitation, severe anxiety, or new/worsening aggression also require prompt medical attention. These symptoms, especially if new or rapidly worsening, should be taken seriously.
Depression and mood changes can stem from various factors, not solely medication side effects. A healthcare professional can differentiate between medication-induced symptoms and those from other underlying conditions. Maintaining ongoing communication with your healthcare provider is key for safe and effective management of ADHD and any co-occurring mood issues.