Allergies often bring symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose. When people notice swollen glands with these signs, it can raise concerns. Allergies can lead to glandular swelling, though it is not the most frequent outcome. This swelling occurs as part of the body’s immune response to perceived threats.
How Allergies Affect Glands
The immune system plays a central role in allergic reactions. When exposed to an allergen, the body mistakenly identifies this harmless substance as a threat, triggering a defensive response. This involves releasing chemicals like histamine from mast cells and basophils. Histamine causes various allergic symptoms, including inflammation.
This inflammation can extend to the lymphatic system, particularly the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that act as filters, trapping foreign substances and producing immune cells. When the immune system is highly active due to an allergic reaction, these nodes can swell as they process allergens and generate more immune cells. Lymph nodes most commonly affected are in the neck, under the jaw, or behind the ears, as these areas are often involved in allergic responses affecting the respiratory system or head.
Identifying Allergy-Related Swelling
Distinguishing allergy-related glandular swelling from other conditions is necessary. Swollen lymph nodes due to allergies are often accompanied by typical allergy symptoms like nasal congestion, sneezing, itchy eyes, and a runny nose. This swelling resolves as allergen exposure is reduced or the allergic reaction is treated. It is mild and can feel sensitive to the touch, but not severely painful.
In contrast, swollen glands from infections or more serious conditions present differently. Infections often cause more pronounced tenderness, redness, and warmth around the swollen node, and can be accompanied by fever or rapid onset. Persistent swelling, nodes that feel very hard or fixed in place, or those with unexplained weight loss or night sweats, are not associated with allergies alone.
Relieving Allergy-Induced Swelling
Managing glandular swelling caused by allergies involves addressing the underlying allergic reaction. Identify and avoid known allergens to reduce the immune system’s overreaction. Over-the-counter antihistamines are effective, blocking histamine and alleviating symptoms like nasal swelling, itching, and sneezing. Nasal corticosteroids also help by reducing inflammation in nasal passages and sinuses, easing strain on nearby lymph nodes.
Decongestants, available as oral medications or nasal sprays, temporarily narrow blood vessels to reduce nasal congestion and sinus pressure. Applying a warm compress to the affected area can reduce discomfort and improve circulation. Staying well-hydrated and getting sufficient rest support overall immune function.
When to Consult a Doctor
While allergies can cause some glandular swelling, certain signs require medical evaluation. Consult a doctor if swollen glands are persistent, lasting longer than two weeks, or continue to grow. Seek medical attention if glands feel very hard, are immobile when touched, or are accompanied by severe pain.
Other concerning symptoms include fever, night sweats, or unexplained weight loss. If swelling appears suddenly without typical allergy symptoms, or if general health declines, seek medical advice. A doctor can determine if the swelling is allergy-related or points to another, potentially more serious, underlying condition.