A yeast infection, candidiasis, arises from an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast naturally present on the skin and within the body. This fungus typically resides in areas like the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina without causing issues. However, when conditions allow for unchecked growth, such as changes in the body’s natural balance, an infection can develop, leading to common conditions like oral thrush or vaginal yeast infections.
The Possibility of Ocular Yeast Infection
Ocular yeast infections, or fungal eye infections, are rare, especially in healthy individuals, but can occur. However, specific groups face an increased risk. These include people with weakened immune systems, those with systemic candidiasis (where the yeast has entered the bloodstream), or individuals who experience direct contact transfer of the fungus to the eye.
Factors such as diabetes, corticosteroid use, and pre-existing eye conditions can also heighten vulnerability to fungal eye infections. Eye injuries, particularly those involving plant material, and complications following eye surgery can also create an entry point for fungi. Contact lens wearers are also at an elevated risk if proper hygiene practices are not followed.
How Yeast Infections Affect the Eyes
Yeast can affect the eyes through several pathways. Direct transfer can occur from contaminated hands or contact lenses, introducing the fungus to the ocular surface. Systemic spread from another part of the body, such as through the bloodstream, can lead to an internal eye infection. Post-surgical complications, particularly after cataract or corneal transplant procedures, also present a risk.
Once in the eye, yeast can cause various types of infections. It can affect the eyelids, leading to blepharitis, or the conjunctiva, resulting in conjunctivitis, characterized by redness, itching, and discharge. If the cornea becomes infected, it is known as keratitis, which typically presents with eye pain, blurred vision, and light sensitivity. In rare but serious instances, the infection can reach the internal structures of the eye, causing endophthalmitis, which can lead to vision loss.
Symptoms of these ocular yeast infections can include eye pain, redness, blurred vision, excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, and discharge. The onset of these symptoms can vary from a few days to several weeks after exposure. Fungal eye infections can progress slowly but lead to severe complications if left untreated.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention for any eye symptoms suggesting an infection, especially if you have a yeast infection elsewhere or are at higher risk. Persistent discomfort, pain, discharge, or vision changes warrant a visit to an eye care professional. Severe eye pain, significant discharge, or sudden vision changes require immediate medical help.
A doctor will typically perform an examination and may take a culture from the eye to identify the specific fungus. Treatment for ocular yeast infections often involves antifungal eye drops, and in more severe cases, oral antifungal medications. The specific medication depends on the type of fungus and the infection’s severity.
Preventive measures reduce the risk of ocular yeast infections. Maintaining good hand hygiene, especially before touching your eyes, is essential. For contact lens wearers, meticulous lens care is crucial. Managing existing yeast infections also helps prevent their spread.