Swordfish, powerful oceanic predators, can stab. Their distinctive, elongated bill serves as a formidable tool. While not typically aggressive towards humans, incidents can occur when their bill is used defensively or accidentally.
Anatomy of the Sword
The swordfish’s most defining feature is its “sword,” a bony extension of its upper jaw. This bill is notably long, comprising up to one-third of the fish’s total body length, and is flattened into an oval cross-section, resembling a blade. Unlike a typical sword, it is not sharpened like a knife but is a strong, rigid structure. Adult swordfish lack teeth, relying on this bill for interactions with their environment and prey.
Reasons for Stabbing Incidents
Swordfish primarily use their bill for hunting, slashing at schools of fish or individual prey to stun or injure them before consuming. They do not usually impale prey directly with their bill for feeding. Incidents involving humans often occur when a swordfish feels threatened, particularly if hooked or harpooned by fishermen. In agitated states, they may use their bill defensively.
Many reported stabbings are not intentional attacks but accidental collisions, especially with boats. A swordfish, disoriented or attempting to escape, can ram into vessels with considerable force due to its speed, which can reach up to 60 miles per hour. Documented cases exist of swordfish bills penetrating the hulls of boats, and even submarines, during these high-speed impacts. These defensive or accidental encounters can result in serious injury.
Nature of Injuries
Injuries from a swordfish can range from puncture wounds and deep lacerations to blunt force trauma. The speed and power behind a swordfish’s movement mean its bill can penetrate deeply, causing significant internal damage depending on the impact location. Documented cases include injuries to the head, chest, and even the spine. One instance involved a fatal head injury. The force of the impact alone, even without direct penetration, can also cause severe harm.
Frequency and Risk
Encounters resulting in stabbings by swordfish are rare occurrences. Most documented incidents involve commercial or recreational fishermen actively catching these fish. This includes situations where a fish is brought onto a boat or is struggling on a fishing line. Unprovoked attacks on swimmers or divers are extremely uncommon, with no confirmed cases.