Expectant parents often wonder if common illnesses, like a stomach bug, can lead to miscarriage. Understanding the typical impact of a stomach bug during pregnancy can provide clarity and reassurance.
Understanding Stomach Bugs and Miscarriage
A “stomach bug” typically refers to viral gastroenteritis, an infection of the stomach and intestines often caused by viruses like norovirus or rotavirus. Symptoms generally include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and sometimes a low-grade fever. In most instances, a common viral stomach bug does not directly cause a miscarriage. The pregnant body is remarkably resilient and designed to protect the developing fetus from many external stressors.
While viral gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting and resolves within a few days, it is distinct from more serious foodborne illnesses. Certain bacterial infections, such as those caused by Listeria monocytogenes or Toxoplasma gondii, which can sometimes be mistaken for a stomach bug, pose different risks. These specific pathogens can infect the fetus and are known to contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage. However, these are generally not what people commonly mean when they refer to a “stomach bug”.
When a Stomach Bug Could Pose a Risk
While common stomach bugs typically do not directly cause miscarriage, severe cases can create indirect risks for a pregnancy. Prolonged vomiting and diarrhea can lead to significant dehydration, which is a concern during pregnancy. Dehydration can result in reduced blood flow to the placenta and can lower amniotic fluid levels, potentially affecting fetal growth and development. Severe dehydration can also trigger Braxton Hicks contractions, and in some cases, preterm labor, particularly in the third trimester.
Another indirect concern is a sustained high fever, especially during the first trimester. While evidence is not always consistent, a temperature exceeding 103°F (39.4°C) in the first trimester might increase the risk of certain birth defects and miscarriage. Therefore, managing fever and preventing dehydration are important aspects of care when experiencing a stomach bug during pregnancy.
Other Common Causes of Miscarriage
Miscarriages are often due to factors unrelated to a stomach bug, providing context and reducing anxiety. The most frequent cause, especially in the first trimester, is chromosomal abnormalities in the developing fetus. These genetic issues prevent proper development and often occur randomly, not due to anything the parent did or did not do.
Other factors that can contribute to miscarriage include structural issues with the uterus or cervix, hormonal imbalances, and certain maternal health conditions. Conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid problems can increase the risk. Additionally, lifestyle choices like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug use are known to raise the likelihood of miscarriage.
Safeguarding Your Health During Pregnancy
To minimize the risk of getting sick during pregnancy, including from stomach bugs, practice good hygiene. Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water, especially before eating or preparing food and after using the restroom, helps prevent the spread of germs. Avoiding close contact with sick individuals is also important.
Should you contract a stomach bug, focus on rest and staying well-hydrated. Sipping small amounts of clear fluids or oral rehydration solutions can help replace lost electrolytes and fluids. Contact a healthcare provider if you are unable to keep fluids down for an extended period, show signs of dehydration, develop a high fever, or experience severe pain. Your doctor can offer guidance on managing symptoms and determining if further medical attention is necessary.