A nosebleed is not a common symptom of COVID-19. While various symptoms are associated with the illness, nosebleeds are not among the most frequent indicators. Indirect connections can exist between a COVID-19 infection and the occurrence of a nosebleed.
Common Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19 presents with symptoms varying in type and severity. Common signs include fever or chills, cough, fatigue, sore throat, muscle or body aches, and headaches.
Respiratory symptoms include shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and a stuffy or runny nose. Loss of taste or smell is another characteristic symptom.
Digestive symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can also occur. Symptoms appear within 2 to 14 days after exposure. Most cases are mild to moderate, but the illness can lead to more severe conditions.
Understanding Nosebleeds and COVID-19
Nosebleeds are not a common direct symptom of COVID-19, but indirect reasons can explain their occurrence. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause nasal inflammation. This can dry and irritate delicate nasal blood vessels, making them prone to bleeding.
Common cold-like symptoms, such as congestion and a runny nose, are another contributing factor. Frequent nose-blowing or irritation can damage nasal tissue, increasing nosebleed likelihood. Some research indicates that people with COVID-19 may be more than three times more likely to experience nosebleeds, with some individuals reporting nosebleeds as their only symptom.
Some treatments for severe COVID-19 can also increase nosebleed risk. For instance, oxygen therapy, especially non-humidified oxygen through nasal cannulas, may experience increased nasal dryness and irritation, which can lead to bleeding. Certain medications, such as anticoagulants (blood thinners), used for clotting issues in severe cases, can also increase bleeding risk, including nosebleeds.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Most nosebleeds are not serious and can be managed with self-care, stopping within a few minutes. However, certain situations warrant medical attention. Seek emergency care if a nosebleed does not stop after 30 minutes of continuous pressure.
Medical consultation is also recommended if bleeding is very heavy, characterized by blood pouring down the throat or out the front of the nose, or if it interferes with breathing. Additional concerning signs include nosebleeds accompanied by severe symptoms like high blood pressure, light-headedness, chest pain, or a rapid heart rate.
Individuals experiencing frequent nosebleeds, even if easily stopped, should discuss this with a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause. This is particularly important for those taking anticoagulant medications or who have known bleeding disorders, as these conditions can increase the severity and duration of nosebleeds.