It is possible for dogs to contract the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, though it is considered an uncommon occurrence. Instances of dogs testing positive for the virus have been documented globally, but the overall number remains low compared to human infections. Most infected dogs either show no signs of illness or experience only mild symptoms.
How Dogs Contract the Virus
Dogs primarily contract SARS-CoV-2 through close and prolonged contact with a person who has tested positive for COVID-19. This transmission typically occurs when an infected individual, such as a household member, coughs or sneezes, releasing respiratory droplets that contain the virus. Dogs living in homes with infected people are therefore more susceptible to exposure.
While direct contact with an infected person is the main route, it is also theoretically possible for dogs to pick up the virus from contaminated surfaces, known as fomites, though this is considered a less likely pathway. Dog-to-dog transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is extremely rare.
Symptoms of COVID-19 in Dogs
When dogs become infected with SARS-CoV-2, their symptoms are typically mild or they remain entirely asymptomatic. Signs of illness can include fever, coughing, lethargy, sneezing, or nasal and eye discharge. Some dogs may also exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting or diarrhea.
These signs are not unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can indicate many other common canine respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses. The presence of these symptoms does not automatically mean a dog has contracted the virus. Serious illness in dogs due to SARS-CoV-2 is extremely rare.
Veterinary Care for Suspected Cases
If you suspect your dog has contracted COVID-19, the immediate step is to contact your veterinarian by phone before bringing your pet to the clinic. Inform them that you or a household member may have COVID-19 and that your pet is showing symptoms. Your veterinarian will assess the situation and provide guidance on whether a clinic visit or testing is necessary.
Widespread testing of pets for SARS-CoV-2 is generally not recommended. However, your veterinarian may determine if a test is warranted based on your dog’s symptoms and exposure history. There is no specific antiviral medication for SARS-CoV-2 in dogs; treatment is supportive and focuses on managing symptoms. This care typically involves ensuring adequate rest, maintaining hydration, and addressing specific symptoms at home.
Risk of Dogs Spreading the Virus
The risk of dogs spreading SARS-CoV-2 to people is considered low. Major health organizations, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), state there is no evidence that animals play a significant role in transmitting the virus to humans. While humans can transmit the virus to pets, the reverse, pet-to-human transmission, appears to be an infrequent event.
There is no scientific proof that the virus can spread to people from a dog’s fur, skin, or hair. Dog owners should not be concerned about their pets being a source of infection for themselves or others. Routine hygiene practices, such as washing hands after interacting with pets, remain a general recommendation for overall health.