A deviated septum is a common condition where the nasal septum, the wall of bone and cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into two separate nostrils, is off-center or crooked. This structural irregularity results in unevenly sized nasal passages. While most people have some degree of septal deviation, many do not experience noticeable symptoms. Approximately 8 out of 10 individuals have a septum that is slightly off-center without any issues.
How a Deviated Septum Affects Breathing
A deviated septum can significantly impair airflow through the nasal passages, affecting breathing. When the septum is off-center, it narrows one or both nasal passages, making it difficult for air to pass freely. This obstruction forces individuals to breathe more through their mouth, bypassing the nose’s natural air filtration and humidification. This restricted airflow can become more pronounced during physical exertion.
Nasal passages may also swell during colds or allergies, further reducing the narrowed space. Over time, persistent mouth breathing can lead to dry mouth, a sore throat, and contribute to conditions like sleep apnea.
Recognizing Symptoms and Getting a Diagnosis
Individuals with a deviated septum may experience several symptoms. Difficulty breathing through one or both nostrils is a common complaint, often worse on one side. Nasal congestion, a feeling of fullness, or a stuffy nose, which might favor one side, are also frequently reported. Other indicators include frequent nosebleeds, as dry air passing through the narrowed passage can irritate the septum’s surface. Noisy breathing during sleep, such as snoring, and facial pain or headaches can also be associated with a deviated septum.
A medical professional diagnoses a deviated septum through a physical examination, often using a nasal speculum or a small, lighted scope. In some cases, a CT scan might be performed to assess the internal tissues of the nose and sinuses.
Corrective and Symptomatic Treatments
Treatment for a deviated septum varies based on symptom severity. For mild cases, symptomatic treatments can help manage discomfort. These include over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays, and decongestants, which aim to reduce swelling and congestion. However, these medications do not correct the underlying structural issue. For persistent or severe breathing difficulties, corrective surgery is often the solution.
The surgical procedure, called septoplasty, reshapes or repositions the septum’s bone and cartilage to straighten it, improving airflow through the nasal passages. This outpatient procedure typically lasts about an hour and aims to create more equally sized nasal cavities. Recovery generally involves a few days to a week of downtime, with full healing taking several months.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent shortness of breath, especially when accompanied by other nasal symptoms. Significant nasal obstruction that does not improve with over-the-counter treatments warrants medical evaluation. Frequent nosebleeds, chronic nasal congestion, or sleep disturbances like loud snoring should also prompt a visit to a doctor. Since shortness of breath can be a symptom of various medical conditions, a professional diagnosis is important to determine the exact cause and receive appropriate care.