Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, refers to the inflammation of the conjunctiva. This clear membrane lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. When inflamed, blood vessels become more visible, causing the eye to appear reddish or pink. This condition often presents with irritation and can affect one or both eyes.
Can Cats Transmit Conjunctivitis to Humans?
Cats can transmit certain types of conjunctivitis to humans, though this is rare. The primary causes of pink eye in cats are often host-specific viruses like Feline Herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) and bacteria such as Chlamydophila felis or Mycoplasma species. Feline Herpesvirus, for example, is species-specific and cannot infect humans. Some bacterial agents, particularly Chlamydophila felis, have been documented to cause conjunctivitis in humans. Most cases of human pink eye are caused by human viruses, bacteria, or allergens, rather than originating from pets. Immunocompromised individuals may face a slightly higher risk if exposed to zoonotic bacteria from cats.
How Feline Conjunctivitis Spreads to Humans
Transmission of zoonotic conjunctivitis from cats to humans primarily occurs through direct or indirect contact with infected secretions. Direct contact involves touching the cat’s eye discharge, saliva, or sometimes feces, and then touching one’s own eyes without proper handwashing. Indirect transmission occurs via contaminated surfaces or objects, known as fomites, that an infected cat has touched. This includes items like bedding, toys, or litter boxes. For instance, Chlamydophila felis does not survive well in the environment, necessitating close contact for spread. Although less common for conjunctivitis, certain bacteria like Pasteurella multocida, often found in a cat’s mouth, can also be transmitted through bites or scratches.
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Humans
Common symptoms include redness in the white part of the eye or inner eyelid. Individuals may experience an itchy or gritty sensation, feeling as if something is stuck in the eye. Discharge from the eye is common, ranging from watery to thick, yellow, or green, which can cause eyelashes to crust, especially upon waking. Other symptoms include sensitivity to light and swollen eyelids. Vision may also become temporarily blurred.
Preventing Transmission from Cats
Good hygiene helps minimize transmission risk. Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching a cat, especially one showing signs of eye issues or after administering medication. Avoid touching your own eyes, nose, or mouth, particularly after handling a cat. Maintain a clean environment for your cat. This includes regularly cleaning their bedding, toys, and litter boxes. If your cat has conjunctivitis, discourage them from licking your face and seek prompt veterinary care to reduce potential spread.
When to Consult a Doctor
Consult a doctor if conjunctivitis symptoms are severe or worsen after a few days. Also seek medical attention if symptoms do not improve within a few days, or if there is significant eye pain, blurred vision, or increased sensitivity to light. For contact lens wearers, prompt medical evaluation is recommended if pink eye symptoms develop. Any persistent or concerning eye symptoms warrant professional medical assessment to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.