A car can indeed be struck by lightning. While this event might seem unlikely, it’s more common than many believe, especially in thunderstorm-prone areas. Lightning typically impacts the antenna or roofline. Occupants inside a hard-topped, metal-bodied vehicle are generally protected.
The Protective Principle of a Car
The safety provided by a car during a lightning strike is due to a phenomenon known as the Faraday cage effect. A Faraday cage is an enclosure made of a conductive material that diverts electrical current around its exterior, shielding anything inside from the electrical charge. A car’s metal frame and body act as this conductive shell, allowing the high voltage of a lightning strike to flow over its surface and then dissipate into the ground. This ensures that the electrical current bypasses the occupants within the vehicle.
It is a common misconception that a car’s rubber tires provide insulation from lightning. However, rubber tires offer no protection from the immense voltage of a lightning bolt, which can travel through miles of air. Soft-top vehicles or those with fiberglass bodies do not provide the same level of protection because they lack this conductive metal shell.
Potential Vehicle Damage
Even though occupants are usually safe, a lightning strike can cause significant damage to the vehicle itself. Common points of impact include the antenna, which can melt or show scorch marks from the intense heat. The lightning’s path can also burn paint, cause pitting, or even shatter windows, particularly the rear windshield due to its defrosting wires.
The electrical system of a modern car is particularly vulnerable. High voltage can damage or destroy electronic components, including the engine control unit (ECU), navigation systems, and various sensors. This can render the car inoperable or lead to ongoing electrical issues. Tires can also suffer damage, with blowouts as lightning exits through the steel belts to the ground. In some instances, a lightning strike can even ignite a fire.
Safety Measures During a Storm
If you are in a car during a lightning storm, the safest course of action is to remain inside. Pull over to a safe location away from trees or utility poles, turn off the engine, and activate your hazard lights. Keep all windows closed to maintain the integrity of the protective metal enclosure.
While waiting for the storm to pass, avoid touching any metal surfaces inside the car, such as door handles, the steering wheel, or electronic devices, as these can conduct electricity if the car is struck. Keep your hands in your lap and wait at least 30 minutes after the last sound of thunder before exiting. After the storm, inspect your car for any visible damage, especially the tires and electrical systems, before attempting to drive.