Brown anoles, scientifically known as Anolis sagrei, are a widespread species of small lizard often found in gardens, parks, and suburban areas, particularly in warmer climates. Their adaptability allows them to thrive in diverse settings.
Recognizing Brown Anoles
Brown anoles typically measure between 5 to 9 inches in total length, including their tail, which can be longer than their body. Males are generally larger than females, weighing about 8 grams compared to a female’s 4 grams. Their coloration varies, ranging from light brown or gray to darker shades, sometimes even appearing black, and they can change their color to adapt to their surroundings or emotional state.
These lizards often display patterns such as yellowish spots, triangles, or lines along their dorsal side; females may have a distinct dark diamond-back or scalloped pattern. A distinguishing feature is their dewlap, an expandable flap of skin under the throat. Males typically display a bright red or orange dewlap, extended during territorial displays or courtship rituals. Females also possess a smaller dewlap, less frequently extended.
Life and Ecological Role
The brown anole is native to Cuba, the Bahamas, and parts of Central America (Honduras, Belize, Cayman Islands). They have spread widely beyond their native range, primarily through the plant trade, as eggs are often laid in potted plant soil. They are now established in the southeastern United States (Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Hawaii), where they are considered an introduced or invasive species.
Brown anoles are highly adaptable, inhabiting various tropical and subtropical environments, including forest edges, urban areas, and disturbed sites. They are predominantly insectivorous, feeding on small arthropods such as crickets, moths, ants, spiders, and grasshoppers. They may also consume other small invertebrates like snails and worms, and occasionally small vertebrates, including the eggs and hatchlings of other lizard species.
Reproduction typically occurs during the summer months, with females laying a single egg every one to two weeks throughout the breeding season. These eggs are usually buried in moist soil or mulch and hatch in approximately four weeks, with the young reaching adult size within a year. As an introduced species, brown anoles can impact native ecosystems by competing with local lizard species, such as the green anole, for food and habitat. This competition displaces native green anoles to higher perches and can reduce their populations.