A blistered burn, commonly known as a second-degree burn, affects both the outermost layer of skin, called the epidermis, and the layer immediately beneath it, the dermis. This type of burn presents with intense redness, pain, and the characteristic formation of fluid-filled blisters. The affected skin may also appear shiny and moist, indicating damage to underlying tissue. Second-degree burns frequently result from common household incidents, such as contact with hot liquids or steam, prolonged exposure to the sun, or brief encounters with hot objects. Chemical or electrical sources can also cause these injuries.
Immediate First Aid
Prompt action following a blistered burn can significantly reduce pain and limit further tissue damage. Begin by immediately cooling the affected area under cool, running water for 10 to 20 minutes. This cooling helps dissipate heat, which can alleviate pain and prevent deeper progression.
While cooling the burn, carefully remove any jewelry or clothing from the affected area, unless it is stuck to the skin. Avoid using ice or extremely cold water directly on the burn, as this can cause additional tissue damage. Do not apply butter, oils, or other home remedies, as these can trap heat, worsen the injury, and increase infection risk.
After cooling, gently clean the burn with mild soap and water to help prevent infection. Pat the area dry with a clean, lint-free cloth. This cleaning helps maintain wound hygiene and prepares the burn for subsequent care.
When to Seek Medical Help
You should seek medical evaluation if the burn is larger than three inches (approximately 7.6 centimeters) in diameter, or if it covers sensitive areas such as the face, hands, feet, groin, or major joints. These locations are vulnerable to complications and may require specialized treatment.
Immediate medical attention is also necessary for signs of infection, such as increasing pain, pus-like fluid, spreading discoloration, a foul odor, or a fever. A medical professional should also assess burns caused by chemicals or electricity, as these can have unique and often hidden complications.
If the burn appears dry, leathery, or charred with white, black, or brown patches, it may indicate a more severe third-degree burn requiring urgent medical care. Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or a compromised immune system, should also consult a doctor for any burn due to an increased risk of complications.
Safe Home Care Practices
For burns not requiring immediate medical attention, careful home care supports healing and prevents infection. After the initial cooling, gently wash the burn daily with mild soap and water. This cleaning removes debris and maintains a clean wound environment.
Avoid popping blisters, as they act as a natural protective barrier against infection for the underlying damaged skin. If a blister breaks on its own, clean the area gently. After cleaning, apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment (e.g., bacitracin or triple antibiotic) or petroleum jelly to the burn.
Cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick dressing to protect it from injury and contamination. Change the dressing at least once daily, or more frequently if it becomes wet or soiled. Secure the dressing loosely to avoid pressure on the burned skin, aiding comfort and healing. To manage pain, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be taken as directed.
Ongoing Care and What to Watch For
As a blistered burn heals, pain should gradually decrease, and new skin will form, often with peeling or flaking. Superficial second-degree burns typically heal within two to three weeks; deeper ones may take three to eight weeks to fully close. The healed skin may appear discolored or have a different texture, and scarring is possible, especially with deeper injuries.
Continuously monitor the burn for signs of infection, which would necessitate further medical evaluation. These signs include increased redness, swelling, worsening pain, pus or foul-smelling discharge, red streaks, or a fever.
Protecting the newly healed skin from sun exposure is beneficial; consider using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, as it is more sensitive and prone to damage. Keeping the healing skin moisturized supports recovery and may minimize scarring.