Companion planting is a gardening approach where different plants are grown together for mutual benefit. This method creates a balanced garden environment where plants support each other’s growth and health. For fig trees, integrating companion plants can lead to a more productive and resilient planting.
Benefits of Companion Planting for Fig Trees
Companion planting enhances fig tree vigor and fruit production. Certain plants deter common pests by repelling harmful insects or attracting beneficial ones.
Beyond pest management, they improve soil health. Some enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen or drawing nutrients from deeper layers, making them accessible to the fig tree. They also suppress weeds, reduce competition for resources, and act as a natural mulch to retain soil moisture and regulate temperature. Many also attract pollinators, important for fig varieties needing cross-pollination.
Recommended Companion Plants for Fig Trees
Herbs
Mediterranean herbs thrive in similar sunny, well-drained conditions.
Rosemary and lavender attract pollinators and deter pests.
Basil repels insects like mosquitoes and improves soil health.
Chives, like garlic, deter harmful insects.
Aggressive herbs like mint should be planted in containers to manage their spread.
Flowers
Flowering plants add visual appeal and benefit fig trees.
Marigolds deter nematodes and other soil-borne pests.
Nasturtiums act as a trap crop, drawing aphids away and improving soil health.
Borage attracts beneficial insects and pollinators; calendula also aids pest control.
Wildflowers (e.g., daisies, coneflowers) attract pollinators and beneficial insect predators like ladybugs.
Vegetables and Legumes
Vegetables and legumes offer benefits near fig trees. Beans and peas are nitrogen-fixing plants, enriching the soil with nutrients fig trees can utilize. They also suppress weeds and attract pollinators.
Leafy greens provide ground cover and improve soil conditions, especially in shaded areas under the fig tree. Garlic deters pests like aphids and spider mites, and acts as a natural fungicide.
Groundcovers
Groundcover plants play a role in maintaining soil health and reducing maintenance around fig trees.
Clover, both perennial and annual varieties, can suppress weeds, add nitrogen to the soil, and act as a living mulch, helping to retain soil moisture and regulate soil temperature. Creeping thyme offers similar benefits, helping to retain moisture and prevent weed growth around the fig tree’s roots. Woodland or alpine strawberries are also good options, forming a dense mat that shades the soil and suppresses weeds, while their flowers attract pollinators.
Plants to Avoid Near Fig Trees
While companion planting offers many advantages, some plants can have a detrimental effect on fig trees. Plants that are aggressive growers or have extensive, competitive root systems should be avoided as they can compete with fig trees for water and nutrients. For instance, deep-rooted trees and large shrubs may hinder fig tree growth.
It is generally recommended to avoid planting members of the nightshade family, such as tomatoes, potatoes, and peppers, near fig trees. These plants are known to attract various garden pests and can be prone to diseases that could potentially spread to fig trees. Plants that have significantly different watering requirements should also be avoided, as figs prefer well-draining soil and consistent but not excessive moisture. Planting moisture-loving plants nearby could lead to either overwatering the fig tree or underwatering the companion, creating an imbalance.
Tips for Successful Companion Planting with Figs
Successful companion planting around fig trees involves careful planning and ongoing observation. When selecting companion plants, consider their mature size and ensure adequate spacing to prevent overcrowding and competition for sunlight and air circulation. Plants requiring full sun should be placed outside the fig tree’s canopy, while those tolerating partial shade can be situated underneath.
Proper watering is also important; choosing companion plants with similar water needs to fig trees, such as drought-tolerant herbs, can simplify irrigation. Preparing the soil by incorporating organic matter will benefit both the fig tree and its companions. Regularly monitoring the health of all plants for signs of pests or diseases allows for timely intervention. Adapting your planting scheme based on observations will help create a thriving and productive fig garden ecosystem.