Aripiprazole, commonly known as Abilify, is a medication primarily prescribed to manage certain mental health conditions. Abuse involves using the medication in ways not directed by a doctor, such as taking higher doses or for non-medical reasons. Understanding the implications of aripiprazole abuse is important due to the potential for serious health consequences.
Understanding Aripiprazole and Its Misuse
Aripiprazole is a second-generation, or atypical, antipsychotic. It is prescribed to treat conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, Tourette’s disorder, and irritability associated with autism. The medication works by balancing brain chemicals, specifically dopamine and serotonin, to improve thinking, mood, and behavior.
Misuse also includes taking the medication without a valid prescription. Individuals may abuse aripiprazole to seek sedative, euphoric, or stimulant effects, or to self-medicate underlying emotional distress.
Recognizing Aripiprazole Abuse
Identifying aripiprazole abuse involves observing both behavioral and physical changes in an individual. Behavioral indicators can include “doctor shopping” to obtain multiple prescriptions or frequently requesting early refills of the medication. Secretive behavior regarding medication use, sudden and unexplained mood swings, withdrawal from social interactions, and neglecting personal or professional responsibilities may also suggest misuse.
Physical and psychological signs provide additional clues. Individuals might exhibit unusual drowsiness or, conversely, agitation and restlessness. Changes in sleep patterns, such as severe insomnia or excessive sleep, can be present. Confusion, slurred speech, tremors, and involuntary muscle movements like tardive dyskinesia, are also potential physical signs. Other indicators include nausea, vomiting, or significant changes in appetite and weight.
Health Risks of Aripiprazole Abuse
Abusing aripiprazole can lead to serious health complications, including overdose. Symptoms of an overdose include severe drowsiness, low blood pressure, seizures, coma, or respiratory depression. Doses over 90 mg are more likely to cause symptoms.
Long-term physical effects of aripiprazole abuse can involve metabolic changes, such as significant weight gain, high blood sugar, and elevated cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular issues. Neurological problems, including tardive dyskinesia—a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements that may become irreversible—can also develop with prolonged use. Other movement disorders like muscle stiffness, tremors, and akathisia (inner restlessness) are also reported.
Psychological risks are also substantial, potentially worsening underlying mental health conditions and leading to severe mood disturbances. Abuse can trigger psychosis, cognitive impairment, and a heightened risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors, particularly during the initial months of treatment. Physical dependence can also develop with long-term use, leading to withdrawal symptoms if the medication is stopped abruptly.
Seeking Help and Prevention
If aripiprazole abuse is suspected, seeking professional medical and psychological help immediately is important. Medical detoxification, often involving a gradual reduction in dosage under supervision, can help manage withdrawal symptoms and minimize discomfort. This process is important to prevent severe reactions, such as muscle spasms, tremors, or a return of psychotic symptoms.
Treatment options include inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation programs that offer various forms of therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help individuals identify and change problematic thought patterns and behaviors related to substance use. Group therapy and participation in support groups also provide valuable peer support and shared experiences, fostering a sense of community during recovery. Prevention strategies involve proper medication management, which includes securing medication to prevent unauthorized access. Educating patients and caregivers on the safe and appropriate use of aripiprazole, along with open communication with healthcare providers about any concerns or side effects, can help prevent misuse.