When people encounter a white snake, a common and immediate question arises: is it dangerous? The unusual coloration of such an animal naturally sparks curiosity and concern. While the appearance of a white snake can be striking and even unsettling, its color alone does not determine its venomous status.
The Truth About White Snakes
A “white snake” describes a snake with a genetic condition affecting pigmentation. These conditions are primarily albinism or leucism. Albinism results from a genetic mutation preventing melanin production, leading to a pale or white body with pink or red eyes due to visible blood vessels. In contrast, leucism involves a reduction in all pigment types, meaning the snake may appear entirely white or have reduced coloration, but its eyes typically remain normally pigmented, often appearing black or blue.
Many snake species, both venomous and non-venomous, can exhibit these conditions. For instance, albino corn snakes are known for their red eyes and white bodies with pink or peach patterns, while leucistic ball pythons are popular for their pure white bodies and striking blue eyes. Even a leucistic common krait, a venomous species, has been observed with a white body and black eyes. The presence of albinism or leucism simply means the snake has a genetic variation affecting color, not an inherent indicator of danger.
Distinguishing Venomous from Non-Venomous Snakes
Since color is not a reliable indicator, identifying a snake as venomous or non-venomous involves observing several physical characteristics. Many venomous snakes, particularly pit vipers, have a triangular or spade-shaped head distinct from their narrower neck. However, some non-venomous snakes can flatten their heads to mimic this shape when threatened, which can make identification difficult.
Pupil shape is another characteristic. Pit vipers commonly have vertically elliptical, or cat-like, pupils, while many non-venomous snakes have round pupils. However, some venomous snakes, such as coral snakes, also have round pupils, and elliptical pupils can appear round in low light.
Pit vipers also possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, absent in non-venomous species. Scales on the underside of the tail can also provide a clue; many venomous snakes have a single row after the anal plate, while many non-venomous snakes have a double row. However, these are general guidelines, and exceptions exist, making definitive identification challenging without expert knowledge.
Encountering a Snake: Safety Guidelines
When encountering a snake, especially if its venomous status is uncertain, maintaining a safe distance is paramount. Remain calm and avoid sudden movements, as snakes are generally not aggressive unless threatened. Do not attempt to handle, provoke, or kill the snake, as most bites occur when people try to interact with them. If in a natural outdoor setting, leave it undisturbed and move slowly away.
If a snake is found in a dangerous location, such as inside a home, contain it to a room if possible and contact animal control or a professional snake handler for safe removal.
In the event of a snakebite, seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services. While waiting for help, keep the bitten area still and lower than the heart, clean the wound with soap and water, and cover it with a clean, dry bandage. Avoid applying tourniquets, cutting the wound, or trying to suck out venom, as these actions can cause more harm. Remembering the snake’s appearance can assist medical professionals, but do not risk further bites by attempting to capture it.