Maine’s waters are home to various whale species, attracting many visitors annually for whale watching. The region’s rich marine environment makes it a notable destination for observing these animals that migrate to or reside in its productive waters.
Whale Species Common in Maine Waters
Maine’s coastal waters are frequented by several prominent whale species, each with distinct characteristics.
Humpback whales are commonly sighted, recognized by their long pectoral fins and the tubercles on their heads. These large baleen whales typically measure between 46 to 56 feet in length and are known for their acrobatic surface behaviors, such as breaching.
Fin whales, also known as finback whales, are another frequent visitor and are distinguished by their sleek, grayish bodies and tall, curved dorsal fins. They can reach up to 80 feet in length, making them among the largest whales found in the area.
Minke whales, the smallest of the baleen whales in Maine, are typically 27 to 29 feet long and have a smooth, dark body with a white band on their flippers, which aids in identification.
The critically endangered North Atlantic right whale is occasionally sighted, though they are much rarer, with fewer than 350 individuals remaining globally. These whales lack a dorsal fin and have rough white patches, called callosities, on their heads.
Other species like pilot whales, sei whales, and even transient orcas have also been observed in Maine’s waters.
Why Maine’s Waters Attract Whales
The Gulf of Maine is a highly productive marine ecosystem that naturally attracts whales due to its abundant food sources.
This region is characterized by cold, nutrient-rich waters and unique underwater geological features, which contribute to a thriving food web.
Ocean currents and tidal mixing bring essential nutrients to the surface, supporting large populations of plankton and small schooling fish.
Whales arrive in Maine to feed on these plentiful prey species, including sand lance, herring, young mackerel, and various crustaceans like copepods and krill.
Humpback whales, for instance, use the Gulf of Maine as a primary feeding ground, consuming vast quantities of these organisms to build up blubber reserves.
High-fat prey like Calanus finmarchicus copepods are important for species such as the North Atlantic right whale, influencing their presence.
Best Times and Locations for Whale Spotting
The prime season for whale watching in Maine generally extends from late spring through early fall, specifically from mid-May to October. During these months, whales migrate to the Gulf of Maine to feed, increasing the likelihood of sightings.
The peak months for observing most species, including humpback, finback, and minke whales, are typically June through September.
Whale watching tours are the primary method for seeing these animals, as whales are often found miles offshore in their feeding grounds.
Popular departure points for these tours include coastal towns such as Bar Harbor, Portland, Boothbay Harbor, and Kennebunkport. Companies operating from these locations lead excursions into the Gulf of Maine, often reaching areas like Jeffreys Ledge or other nutrient-rich banks.
A typical whale watching tour involves a boat trip out to sea, guided by experienced naturalists who provide insights into whale behavior and marine life. These tours usually last several hours, with some extending up to five hours depending on whale locations.
While sightings are frequent, tour operators often offer a voucher for another trip if no whales are seen.