Tarantulas are indeed found in the Houston area and across much of Texas. The region’s warm climate provides a suitable environment for these large, hairy spiders, which are well-adapted to local conditions despite seeming like creatures of more arid environments. Their presence is particularly noticeable during certain times of the year when males are more active, often seen wandering in search of mates. This seasonal activity can lead to increased encounters in residential areas. Despite their intimidating appearance, tarantulas are a natural part of the local ecosystem.
Common Houston Tarantulas and Their Habitats
The most frequently encountered tarantula in the Houston area is the Texas brown tarantula (Aphonopelma hentzi). This species is widespread across the Southern United States, including all regions of Texas. There are actually 14 species of tarantulas within the Aphonopelma genus found in Texas.
These tarantulas are distinctive for their size, typically having a body length of about 1.5 inches and a leg span that can reach up to 4 to 6 inches. They are characterized by a dark brown head and legs, with a brownish-black abdomen. Their bodies are covered in fine hairs, giving them a furry appearance.
Texas brown tarantulas are terrestrial, meaning they primarily live on the ground. Their preferred habitats include grasslands and semi-open areas, where they often construct burrows. They can also find shelter in natural cavities such as under logs, stones, or within old rodent burrows. These burrows are often lined with silk, which helps them detect vibrations from passing prey.
Tarantula Behavior and Safe Encounters
Tarantulas are shy and timid, preferring to avoid confrontations with humans. They are not aggressive and will attempt to flee or hide when disturbed. Their primary goal is to be left alone, as they perceive humans as large, potentially threatening.
When a tarantula feels threatened and cannot escape, it may adopt a defensive posture, raising its hind legs and stretching its front legs to appear larger, sometimes exposing its fangs. Another common defense, especially for New World tarantulas like those in Texas, is releasing urticating hairs. These barbed hairs are kicked from their abdomen and can cause irritation, itching, or rashes if they contact skin or eyes. In rare cases, if these hairs enter the eyes, they can cause temporary blindness, necessitating medical attention.
Tarantula bites are uncommon, typically occurring only if the spider feels severely provoked or cornered. The venom of Texas tarantulas is mild and not considered dangerous to humans. A bite is often compared to a bee sting, causing localized pain, redness, and swelling. There have been no proven human fatalities directly linked to a tarantula bite.
If you encounter a tarantula, remain calm and maintain a respectful distance. Do not disturb the spider, as it will likely move away on its own. Should a tarantula wander into your home, gently guide it outside using a broom or similar object. Handling wild tarantulas is not recommended, as even docile species may bite or release urticating hairs if threatened.