Patagonia, a region in southern Argentina and Chile, does indeed have snakes. However, their presence and diversity are limited compared to other regions due to specific environmental conditions. While snakes are part of the Patagonian wildlife, encountering them is not a common occurrence for most visitors.
Patagonia’s Serpent Inhabitants
Patagonia is home to a limited number of snake species, with some being non-venomous and others possessing venom, though highly dangerous species are rare.
The Patagonian green racer (Philodryas patagoniensis) is found in the region. This medium-sized snake can grow up to 150 cm (59 inches) in length, has a brownish color for camouflage, and is primarily terrestrial, though it also climbs trees for hunting. Its diet shifts from ectothermic animals like lizards and frogs when juvenile to endothermic animals, including other snakes, as an adult.
The Patagonian lancehead (Bothropstoides) is another venomous pit viper. The Yararaca or Yararanata (Bothrops ammodytoides) is a highly venomous species found in Patagonia, ranging further south than any other terrestrial snake in the world, down to Santa Cruz province, Argentina. The Chilean rattlesnake is also a venomous species in the region, though bites from it are rare.
Environmental Factors Influencing Snake Presence
The environmental conditions of Patagonia play a significant role in limiting its snake populations. Snakes are cold-blooded reptiles, relying on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. Patagonia’s climate is generally cool and temperate, characterized by harsh winters, which makes it challenging for many snake species to thrive. The short summers may not provide sufficient time for snakes to hunt, digest food, and reproduce effectively.
The region’s geographic isolation, with the Andes Mountains to the west and vast expanses of land to the north and east, also restricts the natural dispersal of snake species. While Patagonia offers diverse habitats like grasslands, forests, and mountains, the specific ecological niches suitable for widespread snake populations are limited. Snakes are more likely to be found in specific, more hospitable pockets within the region, such as warmer, lower elevation areas or river valleys, where conditions are more favorable for their survival.
Encountering Snakes Safely
Encountering snakes in Patagonia is generally uncommon, and most Patagonian snakes are not aggressive. If a snake is encountered, remain calm and observe it from a safe distance. Sudden movements can be perceived as a threat, potentially provoking a defensive reaction from the snake. Giving the snake space allows it to move away naturally, as most snakes prefer to avoid human interaction.
When hiking where snakes might be present, wear sturdy boots and long pants. This offers protection against potential bites, as snakes typically strike at lower extremities. Watch where you step, especially in tall grass, under rocks, or near logs where snakes might be hidden. Never attempt to handle, provoke, or kill a snake, as most bites occur in these situations.