California is home to a variety of snake species, thriving across its diverse ecosystems like deserts, forests, and coastal areas. This means encountering snakes is possible throughout the state.
Common California Snakes
California hosts numerous non-venomous snake species. The gopher snake, for instance, is widespread across California and often found in gardens and yards. These snakes are identifiable by their yellowish or pale brown bodies with dark spots, and they can grow quite large, sometimes reaching six feet in length. Gopher snakes primarily consume rodents, birds, and lizards, helping to manage pest populations.
Another common non-venomous snake is the garter snake, which is frequently found near water sources. These snakes have stripes running along their bodies and are known to swim. California kingsnakes are also prevalent throughout the state, inhabiting environments including forests, grasslands, and deserts. They are notable for their alternating bands of black or dark brown with white or cream. Kingsnakes are constrictors that feed on small mammals, birds, lizards, and even other snakes, including rattlesnakes, to whose venom they are highly resistant.
Identifying Venomous Species
The only native venomous snakes found in California are rattlesnakes, with nine different species present across the state. Rattlesnakes have a triangular-shaped head, which is wider than their neck, due to venom glands located behind their eyes. Their pupils are vertical and slit-shaped, similar to a cat’s.
An adult rattlesnake’s most recognizable characteristic is the rattle at the end of its tail, composed of interlocking segments of keratin. When vibrated, this rattle produces a buzzing sound as a warning. However, young rattlesnakes are born with only a small button and may not produce a clear rattling sound, and older snakes can lose their rattles. Another identifying feature is the presence of heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils, which help them detect warm-blooded prey. Rattlesnakes have mottled or patterned skin in earthy tones, providing effective camouflage.
Safe Encounters and Prevention
Exercising caution is important when in areas where snakes might be present. If you encounter any snake, it is important to maintain a safe distance and avoid approaching or provoking it. Snakes, including rattlesnakes, strike only when they feel threatened or provoked. If a snake is in your path, try to walk around it, maintaining a distance of at least 10 feet. If it is coiled or crossing a trail, waiting for it to move on its own is the safest approach.
To minimize snake encounters around your home, maintain a tidy yard. Clearing away dense brush, tall grass, leaf piles, and rock piles removes potential hiding spots and shelter for snakes. Sealing cracks in foundations and securing any outdoor water sources like leaking sprinklers or pet bowls can also deter snakes, as they seek water and shelter.
Wearing appropriate footwear, such as sturdy boots, and long pants when hiking in natural areas can offer some protection. Always watch where you step and avoid placing hands or feet into unseen areas like rock crevices or under logs. If a snake is on your property and does not leave, contact animal control or a professional snake removal service for assistance.