Skunks are a common part of Florida’s native wildlife, found across many parts of the state. Though often associated with their distinctive defensive spray, these mammals are typically shy and prefer to avoid confrontation. They play a beneficial role in the environment by consuming insects and small rodents.
Skunk Species Found in Florida
Florida hosts two primary skunk species: the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and the eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius putorius). These species are present throughout most of Florida, with the exception of the Keys. The striped skunk is the larger of the two, with a black body and two prominent white stripes running down its back and tail, though patterns can vary. This species is widely distributed across Florida, inhabiting both natural landscapes and suburban areas, often utilizing large dead trees for dens.
The eastern spotted skunk is notably smaller, characterized by an intricate pattern of white spots and broken stripes on its black fur. They typically reside in areas with dense scrub cover, but also adapt to residential environments. Both skunk species are primarily nocturnal, though eastern spotted skunks in Florida have been observed active during daylight hours. Their omnivorous diet adapts seasonally, consisting of insects like beetles and grasshoppers, as well as small mammals, fruits, and bird eggs. Skunks may make dens in vacant burrows, brush piles, or under man-made structures.
Coexisting with Skunks
Coexisting with skunks involves understanding their habits and implementing preventative measures. Securing outdoor food sources is a crucial step, as skunks are opportunistic omnivores. Keep pet food indoors, especially at night, and ensure outdoor trash receptacles have secure, tightly fitting lids. Seal potential entry points to structures like sheds, decks, or crawl spaces to prevent skunks from establishing dens. Removing brush piles and debris from yards also eliminates potential hiding spots.
If an encounter with a skunk occurs, maintain a calm demeanor and avoid sudden movements, as skunks generally prefer to retreat. Skunks are nearsighted and provide clear warnings, such as arching their backs, stomping their front feet, or performing a “handstand” before spraying. Their spray, an oily musk containing sulfur compounds, can be accurately aimed up to 15 feet and may cause temporary eye irritation. Should a pet or person be sprayed, a mixture of one quart of 3% hydrogen peroxide, one-quarter cup of baking soda, and one teaspoon of liquid dish soap can help neutralize the odor.
Skunks can transmit rabies, a serious viral disease affecting the nervous system. Routine vaccination of domestic pets against rabies is a key preventative measure. Any wild animal displaying unusual behavior, such as uncharacteristic daytime activity, disorientation, or aggression, should be left undisturbed, and local animal control authorities should be notified. Skunks are typically non-aggressive and contribute to the ecosystem by controlling pests.