Sharks are present in the Mediterranean Sea. For millions of years, these powerful ocean predators have inhabited the Mediterranean, adapting to its unique conditions. Their presence is a natural component of this complex marine ecosystem, reflecting a continuous historical interaction between humans and these marine animals.
Species Diversity in the Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea is home to approximately 47 different shark species, ranging from smaller types to larger predators. Among these are the adaptable Blue Shark, Sandbar Shark, Angelshark (which camouflages itself on the seabed), and Spiny Dogfish. Even the Great White Shark, though rare, has a documented history in these waters, alongside species like the Shortfin Mako, various types of Hammerhead Sharks, and the Blacktip Shark.
Where Sharks Live and Hunt
Many Mediterranean shark species typically inhabit deeper, cooler offshore waters, largely staying away from coastal areas frequented by people. These environments provide optimal conditions for hunting and resting. Sharks play a role in maintaining the balance of the marine ecosystem by preying on fish, squid, and other marine animals. While some smaller species may venture into shallower areas, they generally do so during periods of lower human activity, such as at night, as many sharks are nocturnal hunters. Specific regions like the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Gulf of Naples, and parts of the Adriatic Sea are known to host various shark populations.
The Reality of Shark Encounters
Despite the presence of numerous shark species, unprovoked shark encounters in the Mediterranean Sea are extremely rare. The likelihood of a human being involved in a shark incident is statistically very low. Most reported shark sightings near coastlines often turn out to be misidentifications of other marine animals or simply sharks behaving naturally without interest in humans. Historical data shows a limited number of incidents across the region, with countries like Italy, Croatia, and Greece recording very few occurrences over many decades. Sharks generally avoid human interaction, and most encounters between humans and sharks are harmless.
Protecting Mediterranean Sharks
Many shark species in the Mediterranean Sea face significant conservation challenges, with a considerable number classified as endangered or vulnerable. Overfishing poses a substantial threat, as sharks are often caught unintentionally as bycatch in fishing nets. Habitat degradation also contributes to their declining populations, impacting their ability to find food and reproduce. The drastic reduction in shark numbers, some by over 80% in recent decades, underscores the impact of human activities on these populations. Conservation efforts, including assessments by organizations like the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), highlight the need for protection to maintain healthy marine ecosystems.