The Chesapeake Bay, a vast estuary, often prompts questions about its marine inhabitants, particularly sharks. Sharks do frequent the Bay’s waters. Understanding which species visit the Bay and why offers insight into this unique aquatic habitat.
Shark Species in the Bay
Approximately 12 shark species have been sighted in the Chesapeake Bay, with five considered common visitors. The sandbar shark is frequently found, utilizing the Bay as an important nursery area for its young. These sharks typically grow up to 7.5 feet long and primarily consume bottom-dwelling fish and crustaceans like blue crabs.
The smooth dogfish, another common species, poses no danger to humans due to its flat teeth adapted for preying on crustaceans and bivalves. They are smaller, usually 38 to 48 inches long, and are often seen in schools in the lower Bay. Sand tiger sharks, which can reach up to 10.5 feet, are also regular summer and fall visitors to the lower Bay, feeding on fish and squid. Despite their intimidating appearance, sand tiger sharks are not considered aggressive towards humans.
Bull sharks, known for their ability to tolerate both fresh and saltwater, are occasional summer visitors, reaching as far north as the Patuxent River. These sharks, weighing 200-500 pounds and measuring 7 to 11.5 feet, feed on a variety of prey including fish and other sharks. The spiny dogfish also visits the Bay from late fall to early spring, typically measuring 3 to 4 feet in length.
Why and Where Sharks Enter the Bay
Sharks enter the Chesapeake Bay due to environmental factors and abundant food sources. The Bay’s warmer summer and fall waters provide suitable conditions for many species. Seasonal migrations bring sharks from the Atlantic Ocean into the estuary, particularly its lower regions.
Plentiful prey, such as schooling fish, rays, and blue crabs, attracts various shark species. Sharks are most commonly observed near the mouth of the Bay and in deeper channels, though some, like bull sharks, can venture further upstream into brackish waters.
Encountering Sharks in the Bay
The likelihood of a dangerous shark encounter in the Chesapeake Bay is extremely low. Maryland Department of Natural Resources records indicate no shark attacks have occurred in the Bay. Statistically, the risk of a shark attack is considerably less than that of being struck by lightning.
To minimize interactions, avoid swimming at dawn or dusk when some shark species may be more active. Murky waters, active fishing areas, or locations with steep drop-offs should also be avoided. Refraining from wearing shiny jewelry and swimming in groups can reduce the chances of attracting a shark’s attention.