Sharks inhabit the Chesapeake Bay. At least 12 species have been identified, with some being common seasonal visitors. These populations differ from those found in the open ocean.
Common Shark Species in the Bay
The Chesapeake Bay hosts several shark species, though most are smaller and generally non-aggressive. The sandbar shark is the most common shark found in the Bay, particularly juvenile sandbar sharks. These sharks typically reach lengths of two to seven feet and are bottom dwellers, primarily feeding on fish and invertebrates like blue crabs.
Another frequent visitor is the sand tiger shark, which can grow to be six to ten feet long and weigh between 200 and 350 pounds. Despite their intimidating appearance with jagged teeth, sand tiger sharks are generally docile and are often found along the Bay’s bottom, being more active at night. Smooth dogfish are also common, typically measuring around five feet in length. These slender sharks possess flat, blunt teeth suited for crushing crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp, and they often travel in schools. Bull sharks are occasional summer visitors, particularly in the lower Bay, and can reach lengths of 7 to 11.5 feet and weigh 200 to 500 pounds.
Why Sharks Inhabit the Bay
Sharks are drawn to the Chesapeake Bay for several ecological reasons, primarily due to its unique estuarine environment. The Bay’s brackish waters, a mix of fresh and saltwater, are tolerable for certain shark species that can osmoregulate, meaning they can control the salt concentrations within their bodies. This adaptation allows them to thrive in varied salinities, including the lower and middle sections of the Bay.
The Chesapeake Bay serves as an important nursery ground for several shark species, especially juvenile sandbar sharks. Pregnant females migrate into the Bay during late spring and early summer to give birth, providing a relatively protected environment for their pups to grow before they move to open waters. The Bay also offers abundant food sources, including various fish, rays, and invertebrates like blue crabs, which are a particular favorite for sandbar sharks and smooth dogfish. Warmer water temperatures during summer and fall also make the Bay an appealing seasonal habitat for these species.
Safety and Coexistence
While sharks are present in the Chesapeake Bay, interactions with humans are very rare. The Maryland Department of Natural Resources reports no recorded shark bites in the Bay. The species commonly found are generally not aggressive, and the risk of a shark attack is statistically very low, comparable to being struck by lightning.
For those recreating in the Bay, simple precautions can help ensure safety. Avoid swimming at dawn and dusk, when sharks may be more active. Staying out of murky waters and areas near fishing activity can also reduce potential encounters. Remember to respect the habitat shared with these marine animals.