Sharks are present in Rhode Island’s coastal and offshore waters. The state’s diverse marine environment, characterized by a mix of shallow bays, deeper offshore areas, and proximity to the open Atlantic, provides suitable habitats for a variety of shark species. This rich ecosystem supports a range of marine life, including the prey that sharks rely upon, making Rhode Island waters a natural home for these fascinating fish.
Common Shark Species in Rhode Island Waters
Rhode Island’s nearshore environments are regularly frequented by several common shark species. Among the most frequently observed are smooth dogfish and spiny dogfish. Smooth dogfish are relatively small, typically reaching lengths of 3 to 5 feet, and prefer shallow, sandy or muddy bottoms, often found in bays and estuaries.
Spiny dogfish are also common, characterized by their spines in front of each dorsal fin. These sharks are typically smaller than smooth dogfish, usually under 4 feet, and are found in both coastal and offshore waters, often in large schools.
Another species frequently encountered in coastal areas is the sand tiger shark, recognizable by its ragged, protruding teeth and large size, sometimes exceeding 10 feet. Despite their formidable appearance, sand tiger sharks are typically docile and are often seen near shipwrecks and artificial reefs, where they feed on fish.
Less Common and Offshore Visitors
Beyond the frequently sighted species, Rhode Island waters also host a variety of less common sharks and those that primarily inhabit deeper, offshore areas. Blue sharks are a prominent pelagic species, known for their slender bodies and vibrant blue coloration, often found in cooler, offshore waters. They are highly migratory and can grow quite large, sometimes exceeding 12 feet in length. Shortfin mako sharks, renowned for their incredible speed, also traverse these offshore regions. These powerful predators can reach speeds of up to 50 miles per hour and are highly migratory.
Thresher sharks, identified by their exceptionally long, whip-like upper tail fin, are another offshore visitor. Basking sharks, the second-largest fish species globally, are filter-feeders that can reach impressive lengths of 20 feet or more. Despite their size, they are harmless to humans and are occasionally sighted closer to shore. While rare, great white sharks are also known to pass through or briefly enter Rhode Island waters.
Shark Safety and Interaction Guidelines
Awareness of shark safety guidelines is important, though shark encounters remain extremely rare. When engaging in water activities, it is advisable to avoid swimming at dawn or dusk, as these are periods when some shark species are more active and feeding. Swimmers should also avoid areas near fishing boats or where fishing activity is occurring, as bait and catch can attract sharks. Areas with seal colonies should also be approached with caution, as seals are a natural food source for larger shark species.
Wearing shiny jewelry in the water can also be a factor, as reflections might be mistaken for fish scales. If a shark is sighted, the guidance is to remain calm, avoid sudden movements, and slowly exit the water. It is important to avoid harassing any marine life, including sharks, as this can provoke defensive behaviors. While sightings occur, especially with increased awareness and monitoring, confirmed unprovoked shark attacks in Rhode Island have been exceedingly uncommon, with only two fatal incidents documented in the past 200 years, the most recent in 1895.
The Ecological Role of Sharks in Rhode Island
Sharks play a role in maintaining the health and balance of Rhode Island’s marine ecosystems. As predators, they help regulate populations of other marine species, ensuring that no single species overpopulates and strains resources. This regulatory function supports the overall biodiversity and resilience of the ocean environment. Their presence indicates a healthy food web and productive waters. Research and conservation efforts, such as those conducted by the Atlantic Shark Institute, contribute to understanding shark populations and their movements within the region, providing important data for marine management.