Sharks are present in New Jersey’s coastal waters, forming a natural component of the marine environment. Their presence is a regular occurrence, as these waters provide suitable conditions for various shark species throughout the year.
Common Sharks in New Jersey Waters
New Jersey’s waters are home to a variety of shark species. Sand tiger sharks, common and growing up to seven feet, are often found near the coast. Sandbar sharks, reaching up to eight feet, prefer shallow waters, including bays and river mouths. Smooth dogfish, typically four to five feet long, are abundant in estuarine areas.
Larger, migratory species like common thresher sharks and great white sharks also traverse these waters. Thresher sharks, identifiable by their long tails, can exceed 20 feet and are often found in the open ocean. Great white sharks inhabit the New York Bight, which includes parts of the New Jersey coast, but generally remain farther offshore. These larger sharks are less frequently observed near recreational swimming areas.
Why Sharks Inhabit New Jersey’s Coastline
Sharks are drawn to New Jersey’s coastline due to environmental and ecological factors. The region offers an abundant food supply, with schools of prey fish such as bunker, mackerel, and striped bass migrating through. These waters also serve as a migratory pathway for marine animals, which sharks follow as a food source. The varying water temperatures and depths provide diverse habitats for different shark species.
Estuaries, inlets, and offshore wrecks are particularly attractive to sharks. New Jersey’s salt marshes and back bays function as important nursery grounds for species like sand tiger sharks, sandbar sharks, and smooth dogfish. These sheltered, food-rich environments allow juvenile sharks to feed, grow, and seek refuge. The confirmation of a great white shark nursery in the New York Bight further highlights the coastline’s ecological importance.
Historical Shark Encounters
New Jersey has a notable history concerning shark encounters, most famously the 1916 events along the Jersey Shore. In July 1916, a series of shark attacks occurred, resulting in four fatalities and one injury. These incidents, which took place in both ocean and tidal creek waters, impacted public perception of sharks. The unusually warm waters during a heatwave were considered a contributing factor to these rare occurrences.
Despite these historical events, shark encounters remain rare along the New Jersey coastline. The 1916 attacks were an anomaly; while sharks are present, interactions with humans are infrequent. This historical context underscores the rarity of such incidents, rather than indicating a common threat. Most sharks found in New Jersey waters pose little danger to humans.
Coexisting with Sharks Safely
To minimize the low risk of a shark encounter, beachgoers and swimmers can follow several precautions:
Swim in designated areas where lifeguards are present.
Avoid swimming at dawn, dusk, or night, as some shark species are more active.
Refrain from wearing shiny jewelry, which can resemble fish scales and attract attention.
Stay clear of areas with active fishing or large schools of baitfish, as these can indicate sharks seeking prey.
Avoid turbid or murky waters, as reduced visibility makes it harder for humans and sharks to perceive each other.
Always heed warnings and instructions from lifeguards and local authorities.
Shark encounters are uncommon, and most sharks do not pose a threat to people.