Seals are found in Iceland, where the extensive coastline provides suitable habitat. Its diverse marine environment, including rocky shores, sandy beaches, and glacial lagoons, supports these mammals. Seals are present year-round, offering observation opportunities.
Seal Species of Iceland
Icelandic waters host two primary resident seal species: the harbor seal and the grey seal. Both breed along the country’s shores. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are the most commonly sighted, recognizable by sleek coats and often playful behavior. They grow up to 2 meters long and weigh around 100 kg, with females giving birth to a single pup in June. They prefer coastal areas and are frequently seen resting on rocks or beaches, particularly in northwestern Iceland.
Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) are also residents, distinguished by their larger size and a longer, dog-like snout. Males reach up to 3 meters and weigh over 300 kilograms, with coats varying from light silver to dark charcoal. These seals prefer quieter, less disturbed breeding areas, with pups born between September and November. They are powerful swimmers, venturing further offshore to hunt, and haul out on remote islands and coastal shores.
Beyond resident species, migratory or Arctic seals occasionally visit Icelandic waters. These include harp, hooded, ringed, and bearded seals. They are more frequently observed in colder, northern parts of Iceland during winter, relying on sea ice for breeding and feeding. Their presence is usually transient, following seasonal movements of prey and ice conditions.
Where to Observe Seals
Observing seals in Iceland is possible in several key locations, with opportunities varying by region and time of year. The Vatnsnes Peninsula in North Iceland is a prime spot, hosting large seal colonies. Specific viewing areas, such as Illugastadir, Hvítserkur, and Ósar, offer accessible points to watch harbor and grey seals basking or swimming near the shore. The Icelandic Seal Center in Hvammstangi provides information and maps to these sites.
Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon in Southeast Iceland offers a unique seal-watching experience, where seals navigate and hunt among floating icebergs. Visitors can spot them from shore or during boat tours, especially in winter when seals are more active in the lagoon’s icy waters. On the Snæfellsnes Peninsula, Ytri-Tunga Beach is known for its resident seal colony, offering reliable sightings of harbor and grey seals on its golden sands. Seals are frequently observed there, especially during summer.
The remote Westfjords region also offers seal viewing opportunities, with areas like Hvítanes and Rauðisandur Beach known for sightings. Less visited, these locations can offer more secluded encounters. Best observation times are April to October, with summer ideal for seeing pups. Seals are most visible at low tide, hauling out onto rocks and beaches to rest, making them easier to spot. When viewing, bring binoculars and maintain at least 100 meters distance to avoid disturbance.
Conservation and Responsible Viewing
Seal populations in Iceland vary, with harbor seals facing particular challenges. The Icelandic harbor seal population declined significantly, dropping 69% between 1980 and 2020, leading to its classification as critically endangered. Grey seal populations also declined, with estimates indicating a decrease from 13,000 to 6,000 animals since the 1990s. Threats include entanglement in fishing gear, habitat disturbance, and historical hunting. Climate change also impacts their marine environment and food sources.
Responsible tourism supports seal conservation. Visitors should maintain a safe, respectful distance from seals (at least 50 to 100 meters) to prevent stressing them. Avoid sudden movements, loud noises, and never attempt to feed or interact with seals. Leaving no litter and adhering to local regulations and signage helps protect their natural habitat.
If an injured or distressed seal is encountered, report it to appropriate authorities rather than intervening directly. Contacting local municipalities or the Icelandic Seal Center ensures professionals assess the situation. The Icelandic Seal Center in Hvammstangi is a research and exhibition facility dedicated to seal conservation and education, offering insights into their biology and ethical viewing practices.