Scorpions are present in Pennsylvania, though encountering one is rare for most residents. These arachnids are not common throughout the state, and the species typically found are not considered dangerous to humans. Understanding their presence and characteristics can help alleviate concerns and clarify their actual threat level.
Scorpion Species Found in Pennsylvania
The Northern Scorpion (Paruroctonus boreus) is the species most often found in Pennsylvania. This scorpion is known for its ability to tolerate colder temperatures compared to many other scorpion species, allowing it to exist in northern climates. It typically measures 1.4 to 2.2 inches (35 to 55 mm) in length, with a light yellow or tan body that may have dark brown or black stripes.
The Southern Devil Scorpion (Vaejovis carolinianus) has also been documented in parts of Pennsylvania, particularly in the western region. Experts have suggested that this species might be native to western Pennsylvania, representing the northernmost extent of its range. These scorpions are uniformly brown and can reach lengths of 1 to 3 inches.
Rarely, “hitchhiker” scorpions may enter the state accidentally through imported goods, plants, or travel. These non-native scorpions originate from warmer regions. Such accidental introductions are infrequent and do not establish breeding populations. Pseudoscorpions, tiny arachnids resembling scorpions but lacking a tail and stinger, are commonly found in Pennsylvania and are harmless.
Where Scorpions Are Typically Encountered
Scorpions in Pennsylvania, particularly the Northern Scorpion, prefer specific outdoor environments. They are often found in dry, rocky, and undisturbed areas, seeking shelter under rocks, logs, or leaf litter. These nocturnal creatures are more active at night, hiding during the day to avoid direct sunlight. Their natural habitats are typically in the western and central parts of the state.
Scorpions may accidentally enter human dwellings, often seeking shelter indoors during extreme weather or being carried in with outdoor items. Once inside, they tend to hide in dark, secluded places like basements, crawl spaces, or garages. Reducing outdoor debris around a home can help minimize accidental indoor encounters.
Understanding the Northern Scorpion’s Sting
The Northern Scorpion, like all scorpions, possesses venom, but its sting is mild for most individuals. The sensation is often compared to a bee or wasp sting. Symptoms at the sting site include localized pain, a burning sensation, slight swelling, and redness. Some individuals may also experience numbness or tingling in the affected area.
Severe reactions to a Northern Scorpion sting are uncommon, particularly in healthy adults. However, allergic reactions are possible. Symptoms that would warrant medical attention include widespread pain, difficulty breathing, muscle twitching, or other systemic effects. Young children and older adults may be more susceptible to more pronounced symptoms, though fatalities are extremely rare.
What to Do if You Encounter a Scorpion
If you encounter a scorpion, it is important to remain calm and avoid provoking it, as scorpions typically sting only when threatened. For safe indoor removal, place a glass or jar over the scorpion, then slide a piece of stiff cardboard underneath. This allows you to carry it outside and release it away from your home. This method avoids direct contact and minimizes the risk of a sting.
Should a sting occur, wash the affected area thoroughly with mild soap and water. Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a thin cloth to reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can also help manage discomfort. If the sting is on a limb, elevating it can further help to reduce swelling.
Seek medical attention if symptoms are severe, such as difficulty breathing, widespread swelling, muscle cramps, or if an allergic reaction is suspected. To minimize scorpions entering your home, seal cracks and crevices in foundations, around windows and doors, and ensure screens are intact. Regularly removing outdoor debris like woodpiles, rocks, and leaf litter also helps eliminate potential hiding spots near your home.