Reindeer are a species of deer found across Arctic, subarctic, and mountainous regions, known for their dense double-layered coat and specialized hooves. Unlike most other deer species, both male and female reindeer grow antlers, which they shed and regrow annually. Their diet primarily consists of lichen, moss, grasses, and shrubs, which they can locate even under snow.
The Presence of Reindeer in Scotland
Scotland is home to the United Kingdom’s only free-ranging reindeer herd. These animals inhabit the rugged landscape of the Cairngorm Mountains in the Scottish Highlands. The Cairngorms’ sub-arctic qualities, with cool temperatures and high mountain plateaus, provide a suitable environment for these deer. While they roam across over 10,000 acres, the herd is managed, not a truly wild, ancient native population.
The History of Scottish Reindeer
Reindeer were once native to Scotland but became extinct 800 to 1,000 years ago, likely due to climate change and overhunting. The reintroduction effort began in 1952, led by Swedish reindeer herder Mikel Utsi. In 1947, Utsi visited the Highlands, recognizing the Cairngorms’ resemblance to his native Lapland and noting abundant lichens. He brought the first consignment of two bulls and five cows from Sweden. These initial seven reindeer were released into the Cairngorms, with additional animals joining the herd later to diversify the gene pool.
Conservation and Care of the Herds
The Cairngorm Reindeer Centre oversees the Scottish reindeer herd’s well-being, balancing free roaming with necessary care. The herd, numbering around 150 individuals, is split between the Cairngorm Mountains and the Glenlivet Estate, 30 miles apart for management and disease prevention. Herders monitor the semi-wild animals, guiding them between grazing areas based on season and food availability. Supplemental feeding is provided during harsh conditions, and veterinary checks ensure their health.
Experiencing Reindeer in Scotland
Visitors can observe Scottish reindeer primarily through the Cairngorm Reindeer Centre in Glenmore. The most direct way is a guided hill trip, involving a 30-40 minute walk over uneven terrain to reach the free-ranging animals. These excursions allow close interaction, learning about habits from guides, and sometimes hand-feeding. For those unable to do the hill walk, the Centre offers access to paddocks where a small group can be viewed.