Many wonder if pigeons, common globally, are found in the Hawaiian Islands, a place renowned for its unique native wildlife. The answer is yes; pigeons are present across the archipelago. Their presence might surprise some given Hawaii’s isolated nature and delicate ecosystem, but these birds have become a familiar part of the islands’ environment.
Confirming Their Presence in Hawaii
Pigeons are a common sight across the main Hawaiian Islands, frequently observed in urban centers, parks, and coastal areas. They are particularly noticeable in bustling locations like Waikiki in Honolulu, where they forage in public spaces and roost on buildings and trees.
The pigeons found in Hawaii are primarily Rock Doves, also known as Rock Pigeons (Columba livia). While many exhibit the typical gray plumage with iridescent neck feathers and black wing bars, variations, including all-white or mixed-color individuals, are also common. These birds are often seen walking with a characteristic head bob, congregating in areas where food is readily available.
How Pigeons Arrived in the Islands
Rock Doves are not native to Hawaii; their origins trace back to western Asia, the Middle East, and northern Africa. These birds were introduced to the Hawaiian Islands through human activity, with initial arrivals possibly occurring as early as 1788. One account suggests a ship from China brought pigeons, along with wild turkeys, in that year.
Further introductions followed, with domestic pigeons arriving from Western Europe in 1796 and quickly establishing feral populations. Historical records indicate that “tame pigeons” were abundant in Honolulu by 1825. Later, in 1876, domesticated strains like the “White Kings” were brought from Canada for the Kapiʻolani Bird Park.
Pigeons as an Established Species in Hawaii
Pigeons in Hawaii are classified as an introduced, or non-native, species that has become naturalized. They have successfully adapted to various Hawaiian environments, thriving in both urban settings and more rural areas. Their ability to find food and shelter in human-modified landscapes has contributed to their widespread distribution.
These birds are commonly found in cities, coastal regions, and near human settlements, often nesting on buildings, ledges, and bridges. While most prevalent in urban areas like Honolulu, they can also be found in more natural settings, including rocky cliffs and at higher elevations on mountains like Mauna Kea. Pigeons have become an integral part of the non-native fauna.