Hummingbirds are present in New Jersey, though not year-round. Their presence is seasonal, tied to migratory patterns, and they are a common sight for several months, finding suitable habitat and resources for summer residency.
New Jersey’s Hummingbird Residents
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) is the only species known to breed in New Jersey. These small birds measure between 2.8 to 3.5 inches long with an 8 to 11 cm wingspan, and weigh only 2 to 6 grams. They exhibit a metallic green coloration on their backs and crowns, contrasting with grayish-white underparts.
Adult males have an iridescent ruby-red throat patch, known as a gorget, which can appear dark or black depending on the light angle. Females have a white throat, sometimes with dusky streaks, and notched tail feathers tipped with white. These birds are known for rapid wing beats, often around 50 to 80 times per second, creating a distinctive humming sound and allowing them to hover, fly backward, and move with remarkable agility. Their diet mainly consists of nectar from flowers and feeders, supplemented by small insects and spiders, which provide essential protein.
Their Seasonal Presence
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds winter in southern Mexico, Central America, and Florida. They begin northward migration in early spring, with males arriving in New Jersey around mid-April to early May to establish breeding territories. Females follow about a week later.
Their southward migration generally begins as their breeding season concludes, often triggered by changes in daylight hours and a reduction in available flowers and insects. Most depart New Jersey by the end of August or early September, though some stragglers may be observed through mid-September and into October. Rare sightings of other species, such as the Rufous Hummingbird or Anna’s Hummingbird, can occur, particularly along coastal regions, but these are infrequent and do not represent regular residency.
Inviting Hummingbirds to Your Space
Creating an inviting environment for hummingbirds involves offering natural food sources, supplemental feeders, and suitable habitat features. Planting nectar-rich flowers is an effective way to attract these birds, as they are drawn to red or orange tubular blooms. Specific examples that thrive in New Jersey include bee balm (Monarda didyma), cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), trumpet honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans). Grouping similar plants together and choosing varieties with staggered blooming periods ensures a continuous supply of nectar.
Supplemental feeders provide an additional energy source, especially during migration or when natural nectar is scarce. A simple nectar solution is one part refined white sugar mixed with four parts water until dissolved. Avoid adding red dye, as it is unnecessary and potentially harmful. Place feeders in a visible, shaded spot to prevent nectar from spoiling quickly, and near trees or shrubs for cover and perching spots.
Regular cleaning prevents mold and bacteria growth, which can harm hummingbirds. Clean feeders every two to three days, or more frequently in hot weather, using hot water and a bottle brush. A solution of one part white vinegar to four parts water can be used for thorough cleaning, followed by a complete rinse.
Hummingbirds also benefit from water sources for bathing and preening. Misters or drippers that create a fine spray or small droplets are particularly attractive, as traditional deep birdbaths are not suitable for their size. Minimize pesticide use, especially neonicotinoids, as these chemicals harm hummingbirds by disrupting metabolism and reducing insect food sources.