Are There Fire Ants in Maryland?
Yes, fire ants are present in Maryland, though sporadic. The red imported fire ant is an aggressive invasive species. Isolated populations have been detected, and state agencies actively work to prevent widespread establishment.
Where Fire Ants Are Found in Maryland
Fire ants have spread northward across the U.S. since their introduction in the 1930s. Movement occurs through natural dispersal and human activities, like transporting infested nursery stock.
In Maryland, isolated infestations are found sporadically across various counties. The Maryland Department of Agriculture (MDA) implements aggressive surveillance and eradication programs to eliminate colonies and prevent broader establishment. The MDA conducts yearly surveys, focusing on tropical plants from southern states, a common vector.
Identifying Fire Ants
Recognizing fire ants involves observing their physical traits, mound structures, and behavior. Worker ants are reddish-brown, often with darker abdomens, and vary in size from about 1/16 to 1/4 inch in length, which is unusual for most ant species where workers are of uniform size. They possess a distinctive body structure with a narrow, pinched waist that has two noticeable segments before the abdomen. Unlike many other ants, fire ants have a venomous stinger located at the rear of their bodies.
Fire ants construct dome-shaped mounds of soil that lack a visible entry or exit hole on the top, a key characteristic differentiating them from other ant species. These mounds can vary in size, from a few inches to over a foot tall, depending on the environment and colony size. When their nests are disturbed, fire ants exhibit aggressive behavior, swarming quickly and latching onto perceived threats with their jaws while repeatedly stinging.
What to Do About Fire Ants
If you suspect you have been stung by fire ants, immediate symptoms include a sharp, burning pain followed by itchy bumps that can develop into white, pus-filled blisters within hours. These blisters can become infected if scratched, so it is important not to break them. For mild reactions, wash the affected area with soap and water, apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain, and consider taking an antihistamine for itching.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, eyes, or throat, dizziness, nausea, or chest pains. Reporting suspected fire ant sightings is important for state monitoring and eradication efforts. You should contact the Maryland Department of Agriculture (MDA) or your local University of Maryland Extension office to report them. Providing details, including photos and location information, can assist in identification and response. To help prevent their spread, inspect potted plants and other agricultural goods before bringing them onto your property, as these can be common ways fire ants are transported. Always exercise caution around any suspected ant mounds to avoid disturbing them.