Coyotes are a common and adaptable species found across Oklahoma, thriving in diverse environments throughout the state. They have expanded their range across North America, including into areas with significant human populations. Understanding their presence and behaviors is important for safe coexistence.
Where Coyotes Live in Oklahoma
Coyotes are found in all 77 counties of Oklahoma, demonstrating their adaptability to various landscapes. These animals inhabit a wide range of natural and human-modified environments. Their habitats include dense forests, open prairies, and rural agricultural areas.
Coyotes also increasingly populate suburban neighborhoods and urban centers. This adaptability allows them to thrive near human activity, finding food and shelter. Their presence in cities like Tulsa has been noted since the early 20th century.
Coyote Behavior and Diet
Coyotes exhibit flexible activity patterns, being primarily nocturnal or crepuscular, most active during dawn and dusk. They can also be seen during the day. They communicate through vocalizations, including howls, yips, and barks.
Coyotes are opportunistic omnivores; their diet is diverse and depends on what is readily available. Their primary food sources include small mammals such as rodents, rabbits, mice, and gophers. They also consume insects, fruits like persimmons and wild plums, vegetables, and carrion. In urban settings, their diet can include human-associated food sources, like trash.
Safe Coexistence with Coyotes
Living safely alongside coyotes involves understanding their habits and taking proactive steps to minimize conflicts. Preventing encounters begins with removing attractants from around homes. Securing trash cans, removing pet food and water bowls left outdoors, and picking up fallen fruit from yards deters coyotes from approaching residences. Trimming dense brush and closing off crawl spaces under decks or sheds eliminates potential den sites and hiding spots.
Protecting pets is a primary concern, as small animals, particularly those under 40 pounds, can be seen as prey. Keep pets indoors, especially at night, and supervise them closely when outside. Walking dogs on leashes and ensuring cats remain indoors are protective measures. For properties, installing coyote-proof fencing, typically at least six feet tall with an outward extension or roller bar at the top and extending several inches below ground, offers additional protection.
Should an encounter with a coyote occur, remain calm and employ hazing techniques to reinforce their natural wariness of humans. Do not run away, as coyotes can reach speeds of up to 40 miles per hour, significantly faster than a human’s top speed of 28 miles per hour. Instead, stand your ground, make eye contact, and make yourself appear as large and loud as possible by yelling, waving your arms, or using noisemakers. Throwing small objects near the coyote, such as sticks or rocks, can scare them away, but avoid throwing objects directly at the animal. Continue hazing until the coyote completely leaves the area.
For aggressive or unusually bold coyote behavior, or if you encounter a sick or injured animal, report these concerns to local authorities. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation or a local game warden can provide guidance and connect individuals with licensed nuisance wildlife control operators. These professionals handle specific wildlife issues and offer further assistance.