Black bears are present in East Texas again. Their presence is a result of natural recolonization from neighboring states, and sightings in the region have been increasing. This signifies a re-establishment of these animals in parts of their historic range.
Historical and Current Presence
Black bears were once common throughout Texas, but their populations were largely eliminated by the 1950s. This extirpation resulted from overhunting, significant habitat destruction, and widespread predator control programs. Despite their near disappearance, black bears are a native species to Texas.
The current presence of black bears in East Texas is due to natural recolonization. Bears are dispersing into Texas from established breeding populations in neighboring states like Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) does not actively stock or reintroduce black bears in East Texas.
Sightings have become more frequent, particularly in counties such as Cherokee, Anderson, Panola, and Rusk, with other reports in Bowie, Red River, and Smith counties. These bears are often transient individuals, frequently young males venturing out to establish new territories. While sightings are increasing, East Texas does not yet have established, resident breeding populations of black bears.
Understanding Black Bear Behavior
Black bears are reclusive animals that avoid human contact. These omnivorous creatures have a varied diet, consuming berries, nuts, insects, and carrion, and are opportunistic foragers. Their strong sense of smell guides much of their behavior, particularly when searching for food.
Adult black bears can weigh between 200 to 300 pounds. They are not aggressive towards humans, preferring to retreat. Their seasonal behaviors include foraging extensively in warmer months and denning during colder periods.
Living with Black Bears
Coexisting with black bears requires adopting practices that reduce potential conflicts. Securing all food sources and garbage is a primary step, as bears are attracted to human-associated scents. This includes using bear-resistant containers or storing trash inside until collection day.
Cleaning outdoor grills after each use and managing pet food are also important. Pet food should be fed indoors or removed immediately after pets finish eating. If a bear is sighted, it is important to remain calm, avoid running, and never attempt to feed or approach the animal.
Making noise and appearing large, by waving arms or holding up a jacket, can help deter an approaching bear. Most encounters are harmless if the bear is given space and not provoked. Residents can report sightings to their local Texas Parks and Wildlife Department biologist or game warden, as documented reports assist TPWD in tracking bear activity and providing guidance.