Encounters with snakes can be unsettling, especially when they display striking colors like red and black. Many wonder if these vibrant patterns signal danger, leading to questions about whether such snakes are “poisonous.” Understanding these reptiles is important for safety and appreciating their role in nature. This information helps dispel misconceptions and guides identification and safe interaction.
Understanding Venomous and Poisonous
The terms “venomous” and “poisonous” are often used interchangeably, but they describe distinct ways toxins are delivered. An animal is considered poisonous if its toxins are harmful when ingested or absorbed through touch. For example, some frogs secrete toxins through their skin, making them poisonous if handled or eaten.
Conversely, an animal is venomous if it injects toxins into another organism through a bite or sting. Snakes, spiders, and scorpions are examples of venomous animals, delivering toxins through specialized fangs or stingers. Snakes are venomous, not poisonous, injecting venom into prey or perceived threats.
Identifying Red and Black Snakes
Many red and black banded snakes exist, but only a few are venomous. In North America, the most well-known venomous red and black snake is the coral snake, displaying red, yellow, and black bands. Non-venomous species, such as the milk snake and scarlet kingsnake, often mimic these patterns, leading to confusion. Differentiation relies on the specific order of their colored bands.
A common rhyme used for identification in North America is “Red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, friend of Jack.” If red bands touch yellow bands, the snake is likely a venomous coral snake. Coral snakes have broad red and black bands separated by narrower yellow bands, encircling their entire body. Their head is often black with a broad yellow band behind the eyes, and they have a relatively small, blunt head.
In contrast, non-venomous look-alikes, like the milk snake and scarlet kingsnake, have red bands touching black bands. The scarlet kingsnake, for instance, has alternating red, black, and yellow rings, with red and yellow separated by black. These snakes often have a red snout, unlike the coral snake’s black snout. While helpful for many North American species, this rhyme is not universally applicable to all tri-banded snakes worldwide, so caution is advised.
Encountering Snakes Safely
When encountering any snake, regardless of its coloration, maintaining a safe distance is the most important safety measure. Most snakes will not attack unless provoked or feeling threatened. If you spot a snake, remain calm and slowly back away, allowing the snake an escape route. Never attempt to handle, capture, or provoke a snake, even if it appears to be non-venomous or dead, as some snakes can still bite reflexively.
If a snake is found in a yard or home, contact local animal control or a wildlife expert for safe removal. Attempting to move it yourself can increase the risk of a bite. Wearing long pants and boots in snake-prone areas can also reduce bite risk.
In the event of a snake bite, seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services. While waiting for help, stay calm, move away from the snake, and keep the bitten area still and below heart level. Gently wash the wound with soap and water, then cover with a clean, dry dressing. Do not cut the wound, suck out venom, apply a tourniquet, or use ice, as these actions can worsen the situation. Providing a description or safe picture of the snake can assist medical professionals in determining appropriate treatment, often involving antivenom.