Pink pineapples, with their distinctive rosy hue, are genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Marketed as ‘Pinkglow’ by Del Monte Fresh Produce, they were developed through precise bioengineering to achieve a pink coloration and enhanced flavor.
The Science Behind Pink Pineapples
The vibrant pink color of these pineapples stems from the accumulation of lycopene, a naturally occurring pigment found in red and pink fruits like tomatoes and watermelons. In traditional yellow pineapples, enzymes convert this lycopene into beta-carotene, which gives the fruit its characteristic yellow color. To achieve the pink flesh, scientists specifically downregulated the gene responsible for producing the enzyme lycopene beta-cyclase.
The genetic modification process, which began around 2005, uses RNA interference. A new gene introduced into the pineapple’s genome produces RNA that interferes with the lycopene beta-cyclase enzyme. This suppresses the conversion of lycopene to beta-carotene, allowing the pink pigment to accumulate within the fruit’s flesh. The genes used are from other safe, edible plants.
Safety and Regulatory Approval
Consumer concerns about genetically modified foods are common, so pink pineapples underwent extensive scrutiny. Del Monte Fresh Produce, the developer of the ‘Pinkglow’ pineapple, submitted detailed information to regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA concluded in 2016 that the pink pineapple is as safe and nutritious as conventional pineapples.
This FDA consultation was a voluntary step to assure consumers of its safety and nutritional value. Similar rigorous assessments by other regulatory bodies, like Health Canada, also found no greater health risk. These evaluations confirm the genetic modification introduces no allergens or toxins, and its nutritional composition is comparable to traditional pineapples, with increased lycopene content.
Characteristics and Availability
The ‘Pinkglow’ pineapple looks like a traditional pineapple on the outside, but its interior is pastel pink. It is sweeter and less acidic than yellow pineapples, with a juicy texture. Some sources mention “candy pineapple aromatics” or notes of “pink Starburst candy” when describing its taste.
Del Monte Fresh Produce holds the patent, making them the sole grower. These pineapples are exclusively grown in south-central Costa Rica, an area with an ideal climate and soil for pineapple cultivation. The ‘Pinkglow’ first became available in the United States in late 2020. Due to specialized cultivation, it is often sold through online retailers and specialty stores, with prices ranging from $29 to $39 per fruit.