Muskrats are common semi-aquatic rodents found in North American wetlands. While their presence near human habitats raises questions, muskrats are generally not aggressive towards people unless they feel threatened. Their behaviors are primarily driven by survival instincts, not hostility.
Understanding Muskrat Behavior
Muskrats are typically shy and reclusive, preferring to avoid human interaction. They are primarily nocturnal, though they can sometimes be seen during the day. Well-adapted to aquatic environments, they live in or near water. Their diet consists mainly of aquatic vegetation, such as cattails or water lilies, but they may also consume small aquatic animals when plant food is scarce.
Muskrats construct homes by burrowing into banks or building dome-shaped lodges of vegetation and mud. These structures have underwater entrances, providing protection from predators. Muskrats are territorial, especially during breeding season, but their activities like foraging and den building are not directed at humans. They use a musky odor from scent glands to mark territory, to inform other muskrats.
When Muskrats Act Defensively
Muskrats exhibit defensive behaviors when they perceive a direct threat or are in a vulnerable situation. This is a natural survival instinct, not a sign of inherent aggression. A muskrat might become defensive if cornered, protecting its young, or defending its den or territory. Injured or sick muskrats are also more likely to react defensively if approached.
Signs of a defensive muskrat include hissing, chattering, or low squeals. If the threat persists, a muskrat might perform a bluff charge as a warning. Biting is a last resort, occurring when directly handled or with no escape route. This defensive posture is common among wild animals when their safety is compromised.
Safe Coexistence with Muskrats
Coexisting safely with muskrats involves understanding their natural behaviors. Maintain a respectful distance; avoid approaching muskrats, especially near their young or den. Never feed muskrats, as this can cause them to lose their natural wariness and approach people more readily. Secure outdoor pet food and garbage to prevent attracting muskrats.
If muskrats are present near water bodies where pets might roam, keep dogs on a leash to prevent unwanted encounters, as dogs may perceive muskrats as prey. If you encounter a muskrat that appears sick, injured, or in distress, do not approach or handle it. Instead, contact local wildlife authorities or a licensed wildlife rehabilitator, who can safely manage such situations.