The phrase ‘hiccups aren’t real’ is often heard, but hiccups are a real, measurable physiological event almost everyone experiences. This involuntary action, though usually brief and harmless, involves a complex interplay of muscles and nerves.
The Physiology of Hiccups
Hiccups occur due to an involuntary, sudden spasm of the diaphragm, a large, dome-shaped muscle. This spasm causes a rapid intake of air. Immediately, the glottis (opening between vocal cords) snaps shut, producing the characteristic ‘hic’ sound.
This is a reflex action, happening without conscious control. The reflex involves nerves like the vagus and phrenic nerves, which transmit signals to the diaphragm. Irritation of these nerves triggers the diaphragm’s contraction and glottal closure. While the exact purpose of this reflex remains unclear, it is a well-documented bodily function.
Understanding the “Not Real” Claim
The notion that ‘hiccups aren’t real’ likely stems from their typically benign and temporary nature. Most hiccup episodes last only a few minutes and resolve on their own. Because they are not usually a sign of a serious medical condition and disappear quickly, some people might perceive them as imagined.
However, hiccups are a distinct, measurable physiological phenomenon, not merely a psychological trick. The involuntary muscle contractions and the closing of the vocal cords are physical events that can be observed and even heard. While some anecdotal claims suggest that simply believing hiccups are not real can make them disappear, this is likely due to distraction or the natural cessation of the episode.
Everyday Hiccups: Causes and Remedies
Numerous common activities can trigger a hiccup episode. Eating too much or too quickly, consuming carbonated beverages, drinking alcohol, or eating spicy foods are frequent culprits. Sudden excitement, stress, or rapid changes in temperature can also initiate hiccups. These triggers can irritate the nerves that control the diaphragm, leading to the characteristic spasms.
Many home remedies aim to stop hiccups by interrupting the reflex arc or increasing carbon dioxide levels in the lungs. Holding one’s breath for a short period is a common technique, as is slowly sipping cold water. Breathing into a paper bag can also be effective, as it increases carbon dioxide. Swallowing a spoonful of sugar or gargling with ice water are other popular methods.
When Hiccups Need Medical Attention
While most hiccups are harmless and short-lived, some instances warrant medical evaluation. Hiccups that persist for more than 48 hours are classified as ‘persistent,’ and those lasting over a month are termed ‘intractable.’ Such prolonged episodes can indicate an underlying medical condition.
These more severe cases may be linked to irritation or damage to the nerves controlling the diaphragm, such as the vagus or phrenic nerves. Certain gastrointestinal issues like GERD, central nervous system disorders, or some medications can also cause chronic hiccups. If hiccups last longer than two days, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like weight loss, chest pain, or difficulty eating or sleeping, consulting a healthcare provider is advisable.