Captivating videos of goats stiffening and falling over when startled often lead people to question if “fainting goats” are real. These animals are known for their distinctive reaction to sudden excitement or surprise, which causes them to temporarily stiffen and sometimes topple over. They remain fully conscious throughout these episodes.
The Unique Phenomenon
The behavior observed in these goats stems from a genetic condition called myotonia congenita. This inherited disorder affects the skeletal muscles. Specifically, it involves a mutation in the CLCN1 gene, leading to a malfunction in the chloride channels within muscle fibers. These chloride channels play a significant role in the relaxation of muscles after contraction.
When a myotonic goat is startled or excited, its muscles receive a signal to contract. However, due to the impaired chloride channels, the muscles are unable to relax immediately. This results in temporary stiffness or rigidity, causing the goat to “lock up” for several seconds, typically ranging from 5 to 20 seconds. The degree of stiffness varies among individuals, with some experiencing only mild rigidity while others completely fall over with their legs outstretched.
Welfare and Care
Myotonic goats’ unique reaction does not cause them pain or harm. Scientific consensus confirms the muscle stiffening itself is not painful, and they do not lose consciousness during these episodes. The primary welfare concern arises from potential injury if they fall in an unsafe environment.
Owners take precautions to ensure their safety. Providing open, clear spaces free from sharp objects or elevated structures helps prevent injuries during a stiffening episode. Younger goats may be more prone to falling, but as they age, many learn to adapt, often managing to stay upright by spreading their legs or leaning against something. Reducing sudden stress or loud noises also contributes to their well-being, though excitement, like anticipation of food, can also cause stiffening.
Beyond the Faint
Beyond their distinctive “fainting” behavior, myotonic goats possess several characteristics contributing to their popularity. This American breed, also known as Tennessee Fainting Goats, Tennessee Meat Goats, or Wooden-Leg Goats, originated in Marshall County, Tennessee, in the 1880s. The breed was established by four goats reportedly brought from Nova Scotia.
Myotonic goats are generally medium-sized, with bucks typically weighing between 130 to 200 pounds and does ranging from 60 to 175 pounds. They are often noted for their docile and quiet temperament, making them suitable as pets. Their genetic condition leads to increased muscle mass and a broader build, resulting in a favorable meat-to-bone ratio, which has made them useful for meat production. They are also known for being easy to contain, as their stiffening response limits their ability to jump or climb fences effectively. These goats have an average lifespan of 10 to 15 years, with some living up to 18 years.