Newborns often present with various temporary physical characteristics as they adjust to life outside the womb. Among these common findings are Epstein pearls, small, harmless cysts inside a baby’s mouth. Observing these can sometimes cause concern for new parents, but understanding their nature offers reassurance.
Understanding Epstein Pearls
Epstein pearls are small cysts that commonly appear in a newborn’s mouth. They appear as tiny, white or yellowish-white bumps, measuring 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter. These pearls are often found along the gums or, more frequently, on the roof of the mouth, known as the palate.
Epstein pearls form during fetal development. As the baby’s mouth and palate fuse together in the womb, small amounts of epithelial tissue can become trapped. These trapped tissues then fill with keratin, a protein naturally found in skin, hair, and nails, leading to the formation of these cysts. They are a natural part of oral development, not a result of infection, poor hygiene, or external factors.
Are Epstein Pearls Painful or Dangerous?
Epstein pearls are not painful and are harmless. They do not cause discomfort or interfere with feeding, sucking, or swallowing. These pearls are a normal and common finding, affecting 60% to 85% of all infants.
The presence of Epstein pearls do not indicate underlying health issues or require medical treatment. They are benign (non-cancerous) and resolve on their own without intervention. Parents should avoid attempting to squeeze or pop these cysts, as this can cause irritation, pain, or introduce harmful bacteria into the baby’s bloodstream.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Epstein pearls disappear spontaneously within a few weeks of birth, though some may persist for several months. The natural friction from feeding, whether breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, and pacifier use can help these cysts rupture and dissolve. This resolution is a natural process as the baby’s oral structures continue to develop.
While harmless, consult a healthcare professional if the bumps appear to be growing, causing discomfort, or bleeding. Seek medical advice if there is uncertainty about the diagnosis, as other oral conditions like natal teeth or oral thrush can sometimes be mistaken for Epstein pearls. A pediatrician can accurately diagnose the condition and rule out other concerns.