Yes, bears are present in Florida. The Florida Black Bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) is the only bear species found in the state. This subspecies has experienced a substantial population recovery over recent decades. From a low of a few hundred individuals in the 1970s, their numbers now exceed 4,000 across the state.
The Florida Black Bear: Identity and Range
These large mammals are characterized by their shiny black fur, a short tail, and often a brown muzzle. About 30% of the population also has a white patch on their chest. Adult males weigh between 250 and 450 pounds and can measure 5 to 6 feet long, while females are smaller, weighing 125 to 250 pounds.
Florida black bears are omnivores; their diet is primarily plant matter (about 80%), supplemented by insects and occasional carrion. They are shy and solitary animals, except when females are raising cubs or during mating season. Historically, their range covered the entire Florida mainland, but habitat reduction limited their presence to about 18% of their historic range by the mid-1970s. Today, their range has expanded to approximately 49% of their original territory, encompassing diverse habitats such as forests, swamps, scrublands, and hardwood forests. As human development expands, these bears are increasingly encountered in suburban areas.
Encountering Bears: Safety and Prevention
Encounters with Florida black bears are becoming more common as their population grows and human development encroaches on their habitats. If a bear is seen from a distance, enjoy the experience without approaching or altering its natural behavior. Should a bear be encountered at close range, remain standing upright and speak in a calm, assertive voice. Back away slowly, ensuring the bear has a clear escape route, and avoid direct eye contact, as this can be perceived as aggressive.
Running is not recommended, as bears can reach speeds of up to 35 mph, and playing dead is ineffective against black bears. If a bear exhibits defensive behaviors like huffing or stomping, it indicates the bear is uncomfortable and desires space. In the rare event of an attack, fighting back aggressively is recommended.
Preventative measures reduce human-bear conflicts, particularly in residential areas, as bears are primarily driven by food. Secure garbage in sturdy sheds, garages, or bear-resistant containers, and put trash out only on the morning of pickup. Remove outdoor food attractants such as pet food, birdseed, and unpicked fruit. Grills should be cleaned after each use to eliminate food residues. These actions help ensure bears do not associate human-populated areas with readily available food sources, which can lead to habituation and increased conflict.
Conservation and Coexistence
The Florida Black Bear is a protected species under state law, delisted as a state-designated threatened species in 2012 due to successful conservation efforts. Despite this recovery, ongoing monitoring and management are needed to ensure the population’s long-term viability. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) plays a role in these efforts.
FWC initiatives include public education campaigns to promote bear-wise practices, like securing food attractants. They also advocate for bear-resistant trash containers to reduce conflicts in residential areas. A measure is the development of wildlife crossings, underpasses or overpasses that allow animals, including bears, to safely cross roadways. These crossings, often coupled with fencing, reduce vehicle collisions, a leading cause of bear mortality. Promoting shared responsibility between humans and wildlife helps achieve long-term coexistence.