The terms “poisonous” and “venomous” are often confused when discussing animals like tarantulas. An animal is considered poisonous if it causes harm when ingested or touched, meaning the toxins are absorbed passively. Conversely, an animal is venomous if it actively injects toxins into another organism, typically through a bite or sting. Tarantulas are venomous, not poisonous, injecting venom through their fangs. Despite their intimidating appearance, the risks associated with tarantulas, including their young, are frequently misunderstood.
Tarantula Venom and Its Effects
Tarantulas are venomous, primarily using their venom to subdue prey. Their venom contains a complex mix of compounds, including neurotoxins, polypeptides, and enzymes, designed to paralyze insects and small animals. For most humans, tarantula venom is not medically significant or life-threatening.
A tarantula bite typically results in localized symptoms like pain comparable to a bee sting, redness, and swelling. Other temporary effects might include muscle cramps, nausea, or fatigue. These symptoms are generally mild and resolve within hours to days. However, rare allergic reactions can lead to more severe responses like breathing difficulties or a rapid heart rate. Baby tarantulas, known as spiderlings, possess venom similar to adults; although their fangs are smaller and may deliver less venom, the potency is generally comparable to that of a mature tarantula.
Tarantula’s Urticating Hairs
Many New World tarantulas, primarily from the Americas, possess another defense mechanism: urticating hairs. These tiny, barbed bristles are located on their abdomen, and sometimes their legs, causing significant irritation. When threatened, tarantulas deploy these hairs by rapidly rubbing their hind legs across their abdomen, creating an irritating cloud. Some species also rub these hairs directly onto an attacker or incorporate them into their webbing and egg sacs as a deterrent.
Contact with urticating hairs commonly leads to intense itching, skin rashes, and irritation. The barbed nature of these hairs allows them to embed deeply into the skin, prolonging discomfort and triggering an inflammatory response. If hairs enter the eyes, they can cause conjunctivitis, pain, and light sensitivity, sometimes requiring medical removal. Inhalation of these hairs can also result in respiratory issues, including asthma-like symptoms, especially for sensitive individuals.
What to Do When Encountering a Baby Tarantula
Encountering a baby tarantula typically requires observation from a distance, as they are generally shy and only bite if provoked. If a baby tarantula is found in an undesirable location, gently guide it away using a container and a piece of cardboard, avoiding direct handling. This approach minimizes stress to the spider and reduces the chance of a defensive reaction.
If a bite occurs, clean the affected area immediately with soap and water to prevent infection, and applying a cold compress can help reduce pain and swelling. Monitor the bite site for any worsening symptoms or signs of an allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or widespread rash, and seek medical attention if these develop. For exposure to urticating hairs, avoid rubbing the affected area, as this can embed the hairs deeper. Using tape to gently lift hairs from the skin and flushing eyes with water if hairs enter them can provide some relief; for persistent irritation or if hairs affect the eyes or respiratory system, prompt medical consultation is advisable. Responsible pet ownership involves understanding the specific temperament of the tarantula species and practicing safe handling to avoid contact with hairs or bites.