Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, abbreviated as AFA, is a species of cyanobacteria harvested from natural freshwater sources. Though often called blue-green algae, it is technically a type of bacteria capable of photosynthesis. This organism grows wild and is collected for use as a dietary supplement.
Nutritional Profile and Purported Uses
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae possesses a dense nutritional composition. It is a source of complete protein, containing all essential amino acids, and provides a spectrum of vitamins, including B12. Due to the volcanic origins of some of its habitats, the cyanobacterium can contain a wide variety of trace minerals.
Beyond basic nutrients, AFA is rich in unique compounds and pigments. It contains a significant amount of chlorophyll and various carotenoids, such as beta-carotene. One of the most studied components is phycocyanin, a blue pigment-protein complex that functions as a potent antioxidant.
The nutrient and antioxidant profile of AFA has led to many purported health uses. Proponents claim it supports immune system function, an effect often attributed to its antioxidant compounds. There are also claims that AFA consumption can enhance mental clarity and focus, which is sometimes linked to its content of phenylethylamine (PEA).
Further claims suggest AFA has anti-inflammatory properties. The combination of antioxidants, fatty acids, and other bioactive molecules is thought to contribute to this effect. Some studies have explored how AFA extracts might modulate the body’s inflammatory responses.
Potential Contamination and Safety Concerns
A significant concern surrounding Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is its potential for contamination with toxic cyanobacteria. AFA is often wild-harvested from lakes where different species of blue-green algae coexist, and some of these other species, such as certain types of Microcystis, can produce harmful toxins.
The primary toxins of concern are microcystins, which are hepatotoxins that damage the liver. Chronic exposure to even low levels of microcystins can lead to liver inflammation and damage. The World Health Organization has established safety guidelines for microcystin levels in food supplements due to these risks.
Anatoxin-a, another potential contaminant, is a potent neurotoxin. It can interfere with the normal functioning of the nervous system, and exposure can lead to neurological symptoms.
Aside from environmental contaminants, some individuals may experience mild side effects when first consuming AFA. These can include digestive upset as the body adjusts to the new food source.
Forms and Sourcing
Consumers can find Aphanizomenon flos-aquae available for purchase in several different forms. The most common presentations are powders, which can be mixed into drinks or food, and capsules, which offer a pre-measured dose. Liquid extracts are also available.
The sourcing of AFA is an important consideration due to the safety issues previously discussed. A significant portion of the world’s commercial AFA supply is harvested from Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon.
To mitigate contamination risks, reputable manufacturers implement rigorous testing protocols. Consumers should prioritize purchasing AFA products from companies that provide third-party laboratory results. These independent analyses verify that the product is free from harmful levels of contaminants like microcystins and other toxins. This documentation provides a layer of assurance regarding the purity and safety of the supplement.