The Algerian hedgehog, scientifically known as Atelerix algirus, is a small mammal sometimes kept as a companion animal. It is recognized for its distinctive appearance and behaviors. While occasionally confused with the African Pygmy hedgehog, a hybrid of two African species, the Algerian hedgehog represents a distinct lineage.
Appearance and Natural Environment
The Algerian hedgehog is smaller than its European relatives but larger than other African hedgehog species, measuring between 20 and 25 centimeters in length and weighing up to 650 grams. It has a longer snout and larger ears. Its face is light or white, with brown legs and head, and the underbelly can be white or brown. The body is covered in soft spines, predominantly white with darker banding, and it lacks spines on the crown of its head.
These hedgehogs are native to northern Africa, from Morocco to Libya, and also inhabit parts of Spain and islands like the Canary, Balearic, and Maltese islands. Their natural habitat includes Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests, semi-deserts, grasslands, and shrublands. They are also found in cultivated areas, gardens, and parks, adapting to diverse environments.
Temperament and Behavior
Algerian hedgehogs are active and energetic. They are primarily nocturnal, active during the night for foraging and exploration. They are solitary, preferring to live alone. When threatened, they curl into a tight, spiny ball to deter predators.
A normal behavior observed in hedgehogs is “self-anointing.” This involves the hedgehog licking or chewing an object to produce frothy saliva, which it then spreads onto its quills. While the exact purpose remains uncertain, theories suggest it may be for scent masking, camouflage, or applying protective substances to their spines.
Care as a Domestic Pet
Providing a suitable environment is important for an Algerian hedgehog’s well-being. A spacious enclosure (at least 4×2 feet) with solid, smooth walls and a solid floor is recommended to prevent injuries. Appropriate bedding includes absorbent, dust-free paper-based products or fleece liners; avoid cedar or pine shavings due to respiratory issues. A solid-surface exercise wheel is also necessary for their natural inclination to run and to prevent obesity.
Maintaining a consistent, warm temperature is important for Algerian hedgehogs. Their enclosure should remain between 75 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures below 72 degrees Fahrenheit can prompt dangerous and potentially fatal hibernation. An external heat source, such as a heat lamp or under-tank heater, may be needed to ensure this stable warmth.
A proper diet for an Algerian hedgehog should be high in protein and low in fat. A high-quality, low-fat cat food can serve as a suitable base, or a specialized commercial hedgehog diet if available. This diet should be supplemented with live insects, such as crickets, mealworms, or waxworms. Small quantities of fruits like apples or berries, and vegetables such as peas or carrots, can be offered as occasional treats.
Common Health Issues
Hedgehogs are susceptible to several health concerns, and owners should be vigilant for any changes in behavior. One condition is Wobbly Hedgehog Syndrome (WHS), a progressive neurological disease that manifests in animals under two years old. Symptoms often begin as a loss of coordination in the rear legs, gradually progressing to affect all limbs, leading to weakness, lethargy, and weight loss. There is no cure for WHS, and diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms.
Parasites are another common issue. Quill mites (Caparinia tripolis) are frequently observed, causing flaky skin, quill loss, and crusting at the base of the spines. Ear mites, fleas, and internal parasites like worms or protozoa can also affect hedgehogs, leading to digestive upset. Dental problems, including calculus buildup, gingivitis, and periodontitis, are prevalent and can be exacerbated by inappropriate diets. Obesity is a widespread issue, often resulting from overfeeding or insufficient exercise, leading to complications like fatty liver disease and a shortened lifespan. Any signs of illness, such as lethargy or appetite loss, warrant examination by a veterinarian experienced in exotic animal care for accurate diagnosis and treatment.