The alae nasi are the flared, outer walls of the nostrils. These structures significantly contribute to the nose’s overall shape and appearance. Positioned on either side of the nasal tip, they are prominent features of the lower third of the face.
Anatomy and Basic Function
The alae nasi are composed of fibrofatty tissue and cartilage, providing structural support. This cartilaginous framework allows for both rigidity and flexibility, enabling the nostrils to maintain patency during breathing. During quiet respiration, the alae nasi remain relatively stable, facilitating a smooth intake of air into the nasal cavity.
When breathing becomes more forceful, such as during physical exertion or deep inhalation, the dilator naris muscle contracts, causing the alae nasi to flare outwards. This widening of the nostrils reduces resistance to airflow, allowing more air to enter. The alae nasi also move subtly during various facial expressions, reflecting emotions like anger, surprise, or distress.
Common Issues and Aesthetic Concerns
Functional problems involving the alae nasi often relate to the nasal valve, a narrow area just inside the nostril. Weakness or collapse of the alar sidewall can lead to external nasal valve collapse, which impedes airflow and causes breathing difficulty. This collapse is often exacerbated during inspiration, as negative pressure draws the alar wall inward. Patients may report chronic nasal obstruction, especially during exercise or sleep.
Aesthetic concerns regarding the alae nasi involve their size, shape, or symmetry. Some individuals may have excessively wide or flared nostrils, which can appear disproportionate to other facial features. Conversely, nostrils that are too narrow can also be a concern, affecting the perceived balance of the nose. Asymmetry between the two alae nasi is also a common complaint, leading to an unbalanced appearance of the nasal base.
Medical and Cosmetic Interventions
Addressing functional issues like nasal valve collapse often involves surgical techniques aimed at supporting or widening the compromised airway. Spreader grafts, typically harvested from the patient’s septum or ear cartilage, can be placed to reinforce the lateral nasal wall and prevent collapse. Alar batten grafts, small pieces of cartilage inserted along the alar rim, provide external support to maintain nostril patency. These procedures improve airflow and alleviate breathing difficulties.
Cosmetic modifications of the alae nasi are performed as part of rhinoplasty to refine nasal appearance. Alar base reduction, a common technique, involves excising small amounts of tissue from the base of the ala to narrow nostril width. This procedure can create a more balanced and refined nasal tip. Reshaping the alar rim or adjusting its position can also correct asymmetry or refine nostril shape for a more harmonious facial appearance.