The Fishbone Cactus, scientifically known as Epiphyllum anguliger, is a popular houseplant often phonetically misinterpreted as “Orcas plant.” Also categorized as an Orchid Cactus, this unique plant is sought after for its distinctive zig-zag stem structure and its capacity to produce beautiful, often fragrant, blooms.
Understanding Your “Orcas” Plant
The Fishbone Cactus is characterized by its flattened, fleshy stems that exhibit a striking zig-zag or ric-rac pattern, resembling a fishbone. These succulent stems store water, contributing to its drought tolerance. Unlike desert cacti, this plant is an epiphyte, naturally growing on other plants like trees in its native tropical rainforests of Mexico without drawing nutrients. It thrives by anchoring its roots into tree crevices, absorbing moisture and nutrients from humid air and decaying organic matter. This epiphytic nature means it is accustomed to filtered light and high humidity. The plant is also known for its large, fragrant flowers that typically bloom at night.
Essential Care for Your “Orcas” Plant
Light
The Fishbone Cactus prefers bright, indirect light, mimicking the dappled sunlight it receives under the tree canopy in its native rainforest habitat. Placing the plant near a north or east-facing window is often ideal, as it provides sufficient light without the harsh intensity of direct sun. Direct midday sunlight can scorch its stems, leading to yellowing or browning, while insufficient light can result in leggy growth and a reduction in flowering.
Water
The Fishbone Cactus requires consistent moisture but benefits from the soil drying out between waterings. During its active growing season in spring and summer, water thoroughly when the top 1 to 2 inches (2-5 cm) of soil feel dry, ensuring water drains completely. In cooler winter months, reduce watering significantly, allowing the soil to become almost completely dry before rewatering, typically every two to three weeks. The plant’s stems may appear withered when it needs water.
Soil
A well-draining, airy potting mix is essential for the Fishbone Cactus. A suitable mix combines standard potting soil with materials like orchid bark, perlite, or pumice to enhance drainage and mimic its natural growing medium. This substrate prevents waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Temperature and Humidity
The Fishbone Cactus thrives in warm, humid conditions, ideally within a temperature range of 60 to 78°F (16-26°C). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from temperatures below 50°F (10°C). It prefers moderate to high humidity levels, ideally around 50-70%. To increase humidity in drier indoor environments, consider placing the pot on a pebble tray, misting the plant occasionally, or grouping it with other plants.
Fertilizer
During the active growing season, typically spring and summer, fertilize the Fishbone Cactus to support its growth and encourage blooming. Use a balanced liquid fertilizer or one specifically formulated for cacti or flowering plants, often with lower nitrogen and higher phosphorus and potassium. Apply fertilizer monthly or every few weeks, following the product’s dilution instructions. Reduce or cease fertilization during the dormant winter period.
Propagating Your “Orcas” Plant
Propagating the Fishbone Cactus is straightforward, primarily through stem cuttings. The best time is during spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Select a healthy stem section, approximately 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) long, and make a clean cut using sharp, sterile scissors or a knife.
After taking the cutting, allow the cut end to dry and form a callus for 1 to 2 days to prevent rot. Once callused, plant the cutting directly into a well-draining potting mix, inserting the callused end about 1-2 inches deep. Keep the soil lightly moist during rooting, and new growth should appear within a few weeks.
Troubleshooting Common “Orcas” Plant Problems
Yellowing stems can indicate overwatering, especially if accompanied by soft, mushy sections. This is often linked to root rot. To address this, ensure the plant is in well-draining soil and reduce watering frequency, allowing the substrate to dry out thoroughly. Yellowing can also be a sign of too much direct sunlight, in which case moving the plant to a brighter, indirect light location can help.
A lack of blooms is often due to insufficient light, improper fertilizing, or a lack of a winter dormancy period. To encourage flowering, provide bright, indirect light and ensure the plant receives cooler temperatures (around 50-59°F or 10-15°C) and reduced watering during winter. Fertilizing with a bloom-boosting formula during the growing season can also support flower development.
While generally pest-resistant, the Fishbone Cactus can occasionally encounter mealybugs, spider mites, or scale insects. Inspect the plant regularly for any signs of these pests. Minor infestations can often be treated by wiping affected areas with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or applying insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Wilting or shriveling stems can be a symptom of both underwatering and root rot. If the soil is bone dry, the plant likely needs water. If the soil is wet and mushy, root rot may be the cause, necessitating a check of the roots and a reduction in watering. Brown spots or corky scabs can result from excessive humidity or water remaining on the stems, or fungal infections, which are best managed by improving air circulation and ensuring proper watering practices.